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1、现在完成时精讲和专练.基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词(done)二.句型：肯定句： 主语+have/ has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语 +have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他简略答语：Yes,主语+have/has.（肯疋）No,主语+have n t/has nt.（否定)专业资料1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1) 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed ”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2) 、以“ e ”结尾的
2、动词，只在词尾加“d ”。live-lived-lived,(3) 、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 y变为i，再加“ed ”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“eddrop-dropped-droppedstop-stopped-stopped2 、不规则动词：AAA型hurt hurt hurtletlet letcostcostcostcutcutcuthithithitputputputsetsetsetreadreadreadAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA
3、 型become became become run ran runcomecame comeABB型bringbrought broughtbuybought boughtbuildbuilt builtburnburnt burntcatchcaught caughtdigdug dugfeelfelt feltfightfought foughtfindfound foundhearheard heardholdheld heldkeepkept keptlay laid laidleadled ledloselost lostmakemade mademeetmet metsellso
4、ld soldshootshot shotsitsat satstandstood stoodsweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told told专业资料think thought thoughtwin won wonABC型begi nbegan begunbreakbrokebroke nchoose chose chosendrawdrewdraw ndrivedrovedrive ndrinkdrankdrunkfly flewflow nforgiveforgaveforgivenforgetforgotforgotte nfreeze
5、frozefrozengivegavegive ngrowgrewgrow nknowknew knownrideroderidde nriserose rise nringrangrungshakeshook shakensingsangsungsi nksank sunkswimswamswumthrowthrew throw nwritewrotewritte n三用法（A）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（影响是：现在我没有钱花了。）I haven t read Little Women ye
6、t?（影响是：我对小妇人这本书不了解。常见标志词： ever, n ever, so far（到目前为止），in the past/last few days（在过去几天）（已经；肯定句），yet （已经；否定，疑问句）,before （以前） ，recen tly （近来），just）,already（刚刚），twice 等定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework.I haven t finished my homeworkyet . Have you finished your homeworkyet ?难点：现在完成时可和疑问
7、词where, why, how连用，但不能和 when 连用。对时间的提问只能用How Ion g.女口：Where have you bee n?Why have you turned off the TV?How long has he bee n in China?He has bee n in China for 4 years.不可说： Whe n has hebee n in China?（B）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的时间状语连用（for+ 时间段）；（since+时间点），如：for + 一段时间（for 2 years）, s
8、ince + 从句（since he came here）, since + 时间点名词（since last year, since 5 days ago）, for a long time 等。My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in Ch ina si nee 2002.自从 2002 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long have you bee n here?你来这里多久了？ I have bee n here for a lon
9、g time.注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的 动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如：（1）这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：I have bought the book for three mon ths.正确：I have had the book for threemon ths.(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误： How long has your brother joined the army?start/ begin -been onThe film has begun () for 8 minutes.get up- been upHe has got up () more
10、 than two hours.move- been out (of)Jim s family have moved () Beijing for over 2years.finish - been overThe football match has finished () for two hours.open - been openThe factory has opened () since 2010.close - been closedThe factory has closed () for 2 months.die -been deadThe old man has died (
11、) since three years ago.join -been in / been a member (of)Her father has joined () the Party for tenyears.Her father has joined()the Party for e/become/ arrive-been (in) They have come to ()this school since正确： How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?短暂性动词与延续性动词之间的转换短暂性动词 - 延续性动词bo
12、rrow / lend -keptShe has borrowed (kept )the book since two weeks ago.catch -hadKate has caught (had) a cold for two days.buy -hadI ve bought (had) this radio for 3 years.put on -wornHe has put on () the new coat for a week.leave/ go -been awayThey have left () for one year.专业资料2000四、句型转换 延续性动词的现在完成
13、时的句型可以转换成：1 、短暂性动词的一般过去式 + 一段时间 + ago2 、短暂性动词的一般过去式 + in + 过去某一时间。3 、It is (has been) +一段时间 +since + 短暂性动词的一般过去式4 、一段时间 + has passed + 短暂性动词的一般过去式如： She has had the pen for two years.f She bought the pen two years ago .She bought the pen in 2009 .It is (has been) two years since she bought the pen.T
14、wo years has passed since she bought the pen.五、比较 have/has been to 、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to. 表示“去了某地回来了”， have(has) gone to 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。 have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，如：He went to Shanghai last week上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经 )到 / 去过上海 .(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是 回来了 )He has gone to
