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1、From Culture to Translation-Comparison and Translation of Proverbs从文化到翻译谚语的对比与翻译Abstract: Proverbs are gems of language development. From the perspective of language form, they are characterized by religious structure, concise form, deep moral, bold image and unique geography, etc., and from the per
2、spective of culture, they are associated with religious beliefs, habits and customs, fables and myths, ethic and art etc. Due to those aspects, we may have some difficulties in translating proverbs. In the process of translation, we have to take into consideration that the comparison between differe
3、nt cultural background, customs, and religious beliefs. The paper proposes four translation methods of proverbs: literal translation, free translation, substitution translation, and literal translation combined with free translation.Key words: culture, translation, comparison, proverb摘要：谚语是语言发展的结晶，其
4、具有文字简练、形式短小、比喻鲜明、寓意深刻等特点。本文从文化背景方面介绍了谚语的产生与传统习俗、宗教信仰、典故及文学作品之间的关系，以及谚语的英汉翻译问题。为了能够更好的达到意思上的互通和交流，在谚语的英汉翻译过程中就不得不对不同文化背景、传统习俗、宗教信仰等方面进行了解和对比，因此，为了更好的理解和运用，本文将介绍直译、意译、同义谚语套用、直译与意译相结合的四种谚语翻译方法。关键词： 谚语，文化，翻译，对比ContentsI. Introduction.1II. Characteristics of Proverbs1A. Colloquialism.21. Oral and concise
5、 words.22. Syntax and rhythm.2B. Deep thought and moral3C. Bright ethic and geographical characteristic.3III. Cultural Backgrounds of Proverbs.4A. Traditional customs51. Bat.52. Dog.53. Dragon.6B. Religion.61. Christianity and Buddhism.62. Bible7C. Historical stories and literary works7IV. Different
6、 Translation Methods of Proverbs.9A. Literal translation.9B. Free Translation.10C. Substitution translation12D. Combination of literal and free translation13V. Conclusion.14Works Cited16I. IntroductionAny country or nation has its own unique traditional culture including values, modes of thinking, m
7、oral rules, customs, life style, etc. which forms the difference between nations and culture. Proverbs are the essence of peoples wisdom and the popular sayings that brighten so much human language, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as
8、from lgantes. The genius, wit and spirit of a nation are discovered in its proverbs (Francis Bacon 1561-1626). A well-translated proverb can not only teach, enlighten and persuade people, but also can enrich our language and culture. So it is necessary to study a nations proverbs when we try to stud
9、y its language and culture.Proverbs have many characteristics, such as religious structure, concise form, deep moral, bold image, unique geographical and ethnic characteristics (Fernando 21). These characteristics make difficulties for us to translate them into other language if we want to keep the
10、original proverbs language form and taste.Moreover, due to the differences of religious beliefs, habits and customs, fables and myths, and culture and art, proverbs in different nations carry on the different national cultural characteristics and information. If we do not know these cultural backgro
11、unds, we cannot understand the proverbs connotation and cannot translate them precisely. To our Chinese students with a little cultural knowledge about English, it is very difficult for us to understand and translate English proverbs. So when studing English, we should try to study its culture first
12、.In order to present an adequate translation of proverb, we can use the four translation methods flexibly: literal translation, free translation, substitution translation, literal translation combined with free translation. When translating, we should try to choose a poper translation method firstly
13、. Then, we should translate the proverbs connotation. Meanwhile, we should try to keep the original proverbs form. This paper aims to introduce the characteristics of proverbs, and discuss the four translation methods and their advantages respectively.II. Characteristics of Proverbs Proverbs are sho
14、rt sayings of folk wisdom of well-known facts or truths-expressed succinctly and in a way that makes them easy to remember (邓炎昌, 刘润清 1991). As a result of this definition, we can see that proverbs come mainly from the people and are closely related to folk culture. They are produced orally by farmers, hunters, workers, sailors, housewives,
