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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The renowned psychologist volunteered to take part in a small（ ）to photograph wild animals in the rain forest.问题1选项A.expenditureB.expertiseC.expositionD.expedition【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项expenditure“支出；经费”；B选项expertise“专门知识；专家的意见”；C选项exposition“博览会；阐述；展览会”；D选项exp
2、edition“远征；探险队；迅速”。句意：这位著名的心理学家自愿加入一个小探险队去拍摄热带雨林的野生动物。根据句意，D选项正确。2. 单选题Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldnt it?New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the
3、 products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to consumers to decide
4、 whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat than cant be digested at all.Normally
5、, special chemicals in the intestines “grab” molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamin
6、s A, D, E and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through
7、 the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vit
8、amins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids, compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned
9、 that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.1.We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that （ ）.2.The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be （ ）.3.Olestra is differe
10、nt from ordinary fats in that （ ）.4.What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?5.Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?问题1选项A.contains plenty of nutrientsB.makes foods fat-free while keeping them deliciousC.makes foods easily digestibleD.render
11、s foods caloric-free while retaining their vitamins问题2选项A.commercially uselessB.just as anticipatedC.somewhat controversialD.quite unexpected问题3选项A.it prevents excessive intake of vitaminsB.it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseC.it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyD.it pass
12、es through the intestines without being absorbed问题4选项A.It may increase the risk of cancer.B.It may impair the digestive system.C.It may affect the overall fat intake.D.It may spoil the consumers appetite.问题5选项A.It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.B.The function of the intestines may be w
13、eakened.C.People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.D.It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段中“It just slides through the intestines without being broken down.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）滑过肠道而不被分解，以及“It provides consumers
14、 with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）为消费者提供一般脂肪的味道而不对身体产生有害作用。可以得知B项“在让食品可口的同时，不让其含有脂肪”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第三段“Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat than cant be digested at all.”中文翻译为：研究者没有发现期望的脂肪，相反他们创造了一种根本不被消化的脂肪。
15、因此可知D选项“很意外的”为正确答案。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段“It just slides through the intestines without being broken down.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）滑过肠道而不被分解。可以得知D选项“它穿过肠道而不被吸收”符合题意。4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段中“It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids, compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）也可能阻止类胡萝卜素的吸收，而该化合物可能降低忠癌症、心脏病等的风险。故选A“它可能增加患癌症的风险”。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章尾段“Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how ma
