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1、最新教学资料人教版英语Section_Grammar_&_Writing过去分词作定语和表语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。一、过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语时的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。(1)只表示完成不表示被动fallen leaves落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳a retired teacher 一位退休的教师(2)表示被动an
2、 honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行(3)表示被动和完成the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题a divided country 一个分裂的国家2过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。The broken vase has been thrown outside.那个打碎的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。The injured workers are now being taken good care of in th
3、e hospital.受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。(2)后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written( that has ever been written)这将是这类小说中写得最好的。1(重庆高考改编)The producer comes regularly to collect
4、the cameras returned (return) to our shop for quality problems.(湖南高考改编)You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.点津有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。There is little time left. Lets hurry up.剩余的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。He
5、 is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置意义不同。试比较：This is a used car which is worth only 5,000 yuan. 这是一辆仅值五千元的旧车。The method used is very efficient.所用的这个方法很有效。过去分词可作非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。A girl, dressed like a student, came in and sat beside me.一位学生打扮的女孩走进来，坐在我的旁边。3现在分词和过去分
6、词作定语的区别(1)过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，表示一个已完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓关系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。This is a letter written in black ink.这是一封用黑墨水写的信。There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet.有那么多人对上网感兴趣。2(陕西高考改编)The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptio
7、ns of the fight.(大纲卷改编)Today there are more airplanes carrying (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.(2)过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或相关的人的自身感受，现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物对别人造成的感受。Have you noticed the surprised expression on his face?你注意到他脸上惊讶的表情了吗？(他很惊讶)What came to us was surprising news.我们得到的是令人吃惊的消息。(消息令人吃惊)3
8、(全国卷)While there are amazing (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.二、过去分词作表语1过去分词可放在系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become, stay等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。He seemed quite delighted at the
9、news.听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。2过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感觉、感受或事物自身的状态；现在分词作表语则多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”。He became discouraged. 他泄气了。The situation proves encouraging.形势是令人鼓舞的。4(全国卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)(广东
10、高考)For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt pleased (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.点津英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：The story they heard over the radio was very moving.他们从收音机里听到的这个故事很感人。She was moved by
11、his moving speech.她被他动人的演说感动了。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。The chairman announced the exciting news in an excited voice.主席用一种兴奋的声音宣布了这个令人激动的消息。Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face.艾丽丝脸上带着一种迷惑的表情读了这封信。3过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：“be 过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时
12、分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。The book is well written.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态)这本书写得很好。The book was written by a soldier.(被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作)这本书是一位战士写的。5(安徽高考改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.(广东高考)We got a little sunburnt/sun
13、burned (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.(福建高考改编)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected (connect).用所给动词的适当形式填空1I was too tired (tire) to walk any further.2This is the statue of a brave soldier seated
14、 (seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back.3In the evening he is buried (bury) in his books.4Professor Jordan gave us a more confusing (confuse) lecture this afternoon and most of us were confused (confuse)5Both he and I are satisfied (satisfy) with the result.6He is enthusiastically talking with a
15、man called (call) Mike.7He was discouraged (discourage) from making another attempt.8Tom was more surprised (surprise) than disappointed (disappoint) at this news.用动词的过去分词形式完成下列句子1她脸上有一种忧虑的表情。She had a_worried_look on her face.2在事故中受伤的男孩被送到医院了。The boy injured_in_the_accident was taken to hospital.3被邀请去参加她的晚会我感到吃惊。I felt_surprised to be invited to her party.4我喜欢吃冷冻食品。I like eating the_frozen_food.5自从我离开这个城镇以来，这里几乎没有什么变化。There is nothing_change
