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1、专题Unit 4 Global warming 3 Grammar WritingGrammar: it的用法()it可用于强调结构中。在语言的使用过程中，有时我们要根据具体语境的需要对句中的某些部分进行强调，这时候我们就需要一种特殊的句型强调句。1. 强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他成分？Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games will be held
2、 in London？ 是在2012年第30届奥运会将在伦敦举行吗？How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task？ 你哥哥是怎样成功完成了那个困难的任务的？2. 强调句型强调的成分强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。 It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterd
3、ay. 我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语) It was in Beijing that we visited the Birds Nest and Water Cube. 正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语) It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day. 每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)3. 强调句型的时态如果原句中谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时间范畴的时态(如：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is被强调
4、部分that/who其他成分。如果原句中谓语动词为过去时间范畴的时态(如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was被强调部分that/who其他成分。 It is you that/who are to blame. 是你该受谴责。 It was at the railway station that we first met 10 years ago. 我们10年前第一次相逢是在火车站。4. 在强调句型中，强调原句中的主语时，that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。在强调句型中，若强调原句中的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持
5、一致。 The little boy has broken a beautiful jar. It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar. They are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow. It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.5. 对not.until结构的强调not.until结构的强调句型为It is/was not until.that.在这一固定句型中，由于
6、not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。 He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。 I didnt realize it until I got off the bus.It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.6. 如何识别强调句型强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后，句意
7、不完整。 It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型） It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）7. 使用强调句型的几个注意事项(1)若被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。It is trees that we plant on the hillside every ye
8、ar.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。(3)强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was.that/who.，其余的时态用It is.that/who.。It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。1.（2017天津卷）It was when I got
9、 back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that2.（2016天津卷）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that3.（2015湖南卷）It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it w
10、as to have helped someone in trouble.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. how4.（2015重庆卷）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.A. while B. though C. that D. after 5.（2014四川卷）Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr Smith got angry?A. whyB. wh
11、oC. whereD. that6.（2014福建卷）It was the culture, rather than the language, _ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.A. whereB. whyC. thatD. what7.（2014湖南卷）Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who.按要求改写下列各
12、句1The car accident happened in this street yesterday.(强调地点状语)_2He left his hometown for Taiwan in his teens.(强调时间状语)_3It was he who broke the window.(改为一般疑问句)_4I found a key in his pocket.(强调宾语)_5They could not cross the river because the water had risen.(强调原因状语)_6Where did he buy the bike？(强调特殊疑问词w
13、here)_7It is the letter that you got yesterday that makes you so sad.(改为一般疑问句)_8Mike and Mary helped the old man several days ago.(强调主语)_9I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.(强调until引导的时间状语从句)_I realized she was a famous film star.10Why did he come late for the meeting？(强调why)_he came late for the meeting?11W
