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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题This will make art groups more directly and effectively（ ）to audiences, and more responsive to their criticisms and wishes.问题1选项A.availableB.accountableC.subjectedD.submitted【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项available“可获得的”；B选项accountable“有责任的，可解释的”；C选项subjected“使遭受”；D选项sub
2、mitted“递交，主张”。句意“这将使艺术团体更直接和有效地与观众接触，并对他们的批评和愿望作出更积极的回应。”选项A符合语境。2. 单选题A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to（ ）learning instead of being merely recipients of knowledge.问题1选项A.shore upB.accede toC.participate inD.compensate for【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项shore up“支持，加固”；B选项
3、accede to“加入，同意”；C选项participate in“参加，参与，分享”；D选项compensate for“赔偿，补偿”。句意：计算机程序可以提供信息，迫使学生参与学习，而不仅仅是知识的接受者。选项C符合语境。3. 翻译题Standing in the right spot in this gigantic city and hills draped with apartment complexes can remind you of Hong Kong, the density of habitation will recall Tokyo and the river-sp
4、anning brawn, replete with an immense new structure over the Yangtze that echoes the Brooklyn Bridge, might recall New York.Everywhere one looks here, there are new expressways, new bridges and towering new housing complexes rising, so many in fact that it is the occasional glimpse of something old,
5、 rather than the sight of anything new, that takes ones breath away.China has built megacities before, of course. The countrys rich east abounds with them, strung along the coast from Tianjin in the north to Shenzhen in the far south like so many pearls. But the swift rise of Chongqing represents a
6、new departure: a major push by Beijing to spread the fruits of Chinas economic boom to the countrys vast interior, home to three Chinese in four.One after another, the big cities of the interior have eagerly entered the race to urbanize, with many openly brandishing the objective of becoming a “worl
7、d city” within a few years. But whether judged by its size, its ambition or the scale of transformation, Chongqing, with its 12 million people, remains in a class by itself.【答案】置身于这座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻满是公寓楼的山坡上可能会使你想到香港；这里密集的人口会让你想到东京；而那横跨长江两岸、仿效布鲁克林大桥豁然耸立的庞大新建筑物，或许会让你想到纽约。放眼望去，到处都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的桥梁和新盖的高耸入云
8、的住宅楼。事实上，这类新建筑实在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于让人感到惊讶不已的往往不是什么新的高楼大厦，而是偶然瞥见一座旧建筑。当然，在此之前中国已经有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的东部地区为数不少。这些城市从华北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠镶嵌在中国沿海各地。但是重庆的迅速崛起却象征着一种新的开端：这表明北京正在大力推动中国经济繁荣的成果，将其延伸到幅员辽阔的内陆地区，那里是全国四分之三人口的家园。中国内地的城市一个接一个竞相城镇化，其中很多城市公开炫耀它们的目标，声称要在几年内建成“世界大都市”。但无论从城市大小、追求目标还是改革规模来衡量，拥有1200万人口的重庆仍是独一无二的。4.
9、 单选题The salesman approached the house cautiously when he saw the vicious dog at the door.问题1选项A.cautiousB.deliberateC.nervousD.malicious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：当推销员看到门口有一只狗时，他小心翼翼地走近房子。A选项cautious“谨慎的，小心的”；B选项deliberate“故意的”；C选项nervous“紧张的”；D选项malicious“恶意的，怀恨的”。选项D符合语境。5. 单选题The enterprise introduced
10、 an incentive bonus for high productivity.问题1选项A.motiveB.initiativeC.encouragementD.entertainment【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：企业为了提高生产力引进了奖金。incentive 意为“刺激，激励的”。A选项motive“动机，目的”；B选项initiative“主动权，首创精神”；C选项encouragement“鼓励，激励”；D选项entertainment“娱乐，消遣，款待”。选项C符合语境。6. 单选题Researchers in the social sciences may o
11、ften have（ ）their scope to those narrowly circumscribed topics that are well suited to quantitative methods.问题1选项A.diminishedB.enlargedC.limitedD.expanded【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项diminish“减少，缩小”；B选项enlarge“扩大，增大”；C选项limit“限制”；D选项expand“扩张”。根据下文的“narrowly circumscribed topics”可推测，这里填入选项C符合语境。句意：社会科学的研究人员可能
12、经常将他们的研究范围限制在那些非常适合定量方法的狭窄限定的课题上。所以选项C正确。7. 单选题It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term social class. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than th
13、emselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to place a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.In the eighteenth-century one of the first modern economists, Adam Sm
14、ith, thought that the whole annual produce of the land and labor of every country provided revenue to “three different orders of people: Those who live by rent, those who live by wages, those who live by profit. Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure m
15、ore complicated.Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth-century between the upper middleclass and the working class. There were small-scale industrialists as well as large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, officials and salaried employees, skilled and unskilled workers, and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all countries as independent groups.During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the possession of wealth inevitably affected a persons soc
