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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Under no _ will I go there again.问题1选项A.circumstancesB.situationC.environmentD.occurrences【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circumstances“状况；境遇”，under no circumstances“无论如何都不”；B选项situation“形势，局面”；C选项environment“环境”；D选项occurrences“发生的事情；（某事物的）发生”。句意：在任何_下我都不会再去那里了。根据语境，这里指
2、的是在任何情况下都不会再去那里，结合词组under no circumstances“无论如何都不”，A选项circumstances“状况；境遇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Did he tell you what _ if he had chance?问题1选项A.was he going to doB.he would doC.he had doneD.he had to do【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：他有没有告诉你如果有机会他会怎么做？What到句尾是宾语从句，其中if引导时间状语从句。根据if引导的时间状语从句采用一般过去时态，确定do的动作有过去的含义
3、；根据语境可知是在将来做do的动作，确定do的动作有将来的含义，所以用过去将来时，B选项he would do符合题意。A选项was he going to do语序错误，was应该在he后面。C选项he had done和D选项he had to do时态错误。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题The governess agreed to teach the temperamental child _ she was given complete authority.问题1选项A.thatB.providedC.whetherD.for【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查从句。句意：_赋予那位女家
4、教老师完全的支配权，她答应去教那个脾气暴躁的孩子。横线面前部分是主句，横线后面部分是从句，根据语境，这里是一个条件状语从句，A选项that可引导宾语从句、定语从句、同位语从句等；B选项provided“假如，在条件下，前提是”引导条件状语从句；C选项whether意思为“是否”时引导主语从句、宾语从句等，意思为“不论”时引导让步状语从句；D选项for“因为”引导原因状语从句。根据语境，教这个脾气暴躁的孩子是有挑战的事情，那位教师只有拥有完全的掌控权，她才肯做这件事，B选项provided“假如，在条件下，前提是”符合题意。D选项for“因为”在这里不如B选项provided符合语境。因此B选项
5、正确。4. 单选题The end _ the means. This saying implies even a wrong or unfair method may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good.问题1选项A.modifiesB.justifiesC.purifiesD.testifies【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modifies“稍作修改，使更适合；修饰”；B选项justifies“证明有理”；C选项purifies“净化”；D选项testifies“（在法庭上）作证；证实”。句意
6、：结果_方法。这句话的意思是，如果行为的结果或目的是好的，即使方法错误或不公平也可以被允许。根据语境，这里指的是结果会证明方法的合理性，B选项justifies“证明有理”符合题意。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer. What causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay
7、of teeth? We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of lead in the atmosphere, of staying up late on the night before an examination.Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we
8、reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator wont work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working). This kind of
9、 reasoning is called, in short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights outpower offrefrigerator not workingtemperature will risemilk will sour. In other words, we diag
10、nose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion (燃烧) is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient c
11、ause is one that can produce an effect unaided (as an empty gas tank is enough to keep a car from starting), though there may be more than one sufficient cause. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may help cause an a
12、ccident, though other factors must also be present.1. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _.2. According to the passage, to do the “effect to effect” reasoning is to reason _.3. A necessary cause is _.4. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that th
13、e electric power has been cut off. The power failure is a _.5. This passage mainly discusses _.问题1选项A.some other common types of reasoningB.some special type of reasoningC.relationships between causes and resultsD.classification of reasoning问题2选项A.from effect to effect and onto causeB.from effect to
14、 cause and onto another effectC.from cause to effectD.from effect to cause问题3选项A.one that is enough to make the effect occurB.one of the cause that can produce the effectC.one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurD.none of them问题4选项A.contributory causeB.sufficient causeC.necessary c
15、auseD.none of them问题5选项A.classification of causesB.the causal processC.causal reasoningD.various types of reasoning【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results.（另一种常见的推理方式是寻找原因和结果。），可知前面的内容和这一部分的内容属于同一个层面和分类，都是常见的推理方式，A选项“一些其他的常见推理类型”正确。B选项“某种特殊类型的推理”，C选项“原因和结果的关系”和D选项“推理的分类”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事
