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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Cancer researchers are learning to read genes like a crystal ball to predict how patients will respond to cancer therapy, who will suffer the worst side effects and what treatments may be best for a particular patient. Foreseeing the outcome of treatment, and k
2、nowing with certainty which drugs are best for individual patients, have long been the goals of cancer researchers.For at least 40 years, oncologists have puzzled over why some patients respond so well to chemotherapy while others obtain modest benefits or none at all. The discovery decades ago that
3、 linked a chromosome abnormality to one form of leukemia paved the way for the development of the drug Gleevec by Druker and the ability to identify the patients most likely to benefit. More recently, with the wealth of knowledge from the human Genome Project, researchers have been able to develop e
4、ven more specific tools to create genetic profiles of tumors and match those profiles with the right drugs. The tools also help determine which patients are most likely to experience the worst side effects of specific types of chemotherapy and guide them to other treatments.Researchers from the Univ
5、ersity of Chicago studied alterations of the UGT1A1 gene, associated with an increased chance of chemotherapy side effects. Mark Ratain and his team studied 61 colon cancer patients receiving irinotecan and learned that patients with alterations of the gene labeled as 7/7 were most likely to suffer
6、severe losses of white blood cells. Patients with the 6/7 alteration type had intermediate side effects, and patients with the 6/6 type had none.Scientists at the Massachusetts General Hospital examined genes that normally have the ability to repair damage to DNA in cells called XPD and XRCC1. The n
7、umber of variations in these genes indicates how long a patient is likely to survive. Sarada Gurubhagavatula and her team studied variations of these genes in 103 patients diagnosed with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients with a total of three variations in the genes survived a median of
8、6.8 months; those with two variations survived 11 months; patients with one variation survived 16.6 months; and those with no variations survived 20.4 months. Gurubhagavatula says the variations could be identified and those with the worst predicted outcomes put on chemotherapy regimens that offer b
9、etter odds of survival.Scientists at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Genomic Health Inc. have developed a way to test lung tumor for genetic profiles associated with responses to the new lung cancer drug Iressa. The drug has been shown to shrink tumors in 10% to 12% of patients with advanced lung ca
10、ncer. David Agus at Cedar-Sinai found a pattern of 185 genes that are turned off and on in a manner that correlates with response to Iressa or to a lack of response. When used commercially, the test will target patients most likely to benefit and will allow patients to make other choices if the nega
11、tive profile is found.1.The text is mainly about（ ） .2.The achievements from Human Genome Project enable researchers to（ ） .3.The purpose of the author in mentioning the three researches is to（ ） .4.Sarada and her team are convinced that（ ） .5.In the 3rd paragraph, the word alteration means（ ） .问题1选
12、项A.the search for effective cancer treatment drugsB.the goals of cancer treatmentC.the success in reading genesD.the cancer treatment by examination问题2选项A.diagnose a chromosome abnormality more accurately.B.develop cancer treatment drugs like Gleevec.C.administer cancer treatment with less side effe
13、ct.D.come up with chemotherapy as an effective tool for cancer treatment.问题3选项A.make a contrastive analysis of them.B.illustrate the achievements in cancer therapy.C.present the similarities and differences between them.D.show how altered genes can cause cancer.问题4选项A.research on genes offers them g
14、reater predictive power.B.lung cancer is caused by variation of genes.C.patients can survive lung cancer by altering their genes.D.chemotherapy can save even the worst lung cancer patients.问题5选项A.investigationsB.activitiesC.predictionsD.changes【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章的主要内容
15、是”。文章第一段提到癌症研究者正在像占卜者看水晶球一样来阅读基因（Cancer researchers are learning to read genes like a crystal ball to predict how patients will respond to cancer therapy）；文章第二段提到研究者如何通过基因计划提高对癌症这类病的了解，并研究出相应的药物（More recently, with the wealth of knowledge from the human Genome Project, researchers have been able to
16、develop even more specific tools to create genetic profiles of tumors and match those profiles with the right drugs.），接下来的段落通过一些例子来说明在基因方面的成就，可知全文都是在讲述基因检测与癌症治疗，选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“人类基因工程的成果让研究者”。文章第二段提到“研究人员能够开发出更具体的工具来创建肿瘤的基因图谱，并将这些图谱与正确的药物进行匹配”（More recently, with the wealth of knowledge from the human Genome
