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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Is it surprising that a wave of sadness swept over me as I looked for the last time at the Flaming Cliffs, gorgeous in the morning sunshine of that brilliant August day?问题1选项A.splendidB.riskyC.restlessD.gloomy【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. splendid 壮丽的，雄伟的 B. risky 有危险（或风
2、险）的C. restless 坐立不安的，不耐烦的 D. gloomy 黑暗的，阴暗的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】gorgeous的意思为“非常漂亮的，美丽动人的”，用来形容烈火危崖的美丽壮阔的景色，splendid与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】我最后一眼眺望烈火危崖，在八月灿烂的早晨阳光下，它美极了，这时一股悲伤席卷了我，这不是非常令人震惊吗？2. 填空题Contraction of front and side parts of the brainas cells die offwas observed in some su
3、bjects in their thirty, but it was still not evident in some sixtyand seventy-year-olds. A B C D【答案】C thirty改为thirties【解析】【考查点】固定表达。【解题思路】in ones thirties意思为“在某人三十多岁时”，这里指的年龄是概数。【句意】有的人大脑前部和侧部的收缩随着细胞的死亡在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是也有些人直到六七十岁依然不明显。3. 单选题Audio books offer readers the option of listening to a book
4、that has been narrated and recorded onto a cassette or compact disc.问题1选项A.retoldB.releasedC.relatedD.recalled【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. retold （通常以不同的方式）复述，重新讲述 B. released 释放，放出C. related 叙述，讲述，讲（故事） D. recalled 记起，回忆起【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】narrated的意思为“讲（故事），叙述”，指的是把书中的内容叙述一遍，related与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、
5、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】有声书为读者提供了一种选择，他们可以在磁带或光盘上听以讲述方式呈现的书。4. 填空题Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer even the best players miss the goal and have their shots to be blocked much more frequently than they score. A B C D【答案】C to be blocked改
6、为blocked【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】have sth. done表示某事已经被做完，have sth. to be done表示有些事情等着被做，这里射门被挡住的动作已经完成，此题正确用法为have their shots blocked。【句意】发明和创新几乎总是来自于艰苦的试验和错误。创新就像足球，即使是最优秀的球员也会失球，他们的射门被挡出的次数远远超过他们进球的次数。5. 填空题As the intelligence of robots increases to match humans and as their cost declines through econ
7、omies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstandenvironments, harmful to ourselves. A B C D【答案】A humans改为that of humans【解析】【考查点】代词指代。【解题思路】根据语境，A部分指的是机器智能和人工智能相当，the intelligence of robots和A部分意思对应，结构也应对应，用that指代the intelligence，因此A部分应为that of
8、humans。【句意】随着机器人的智能达到与人类相当的水平，以及它们的成本通过规模经济降低，我们可以利用它们来拓展我们的疆域，首先是在地球上，借用它们抵御对我们有害的环境的能力。6. 翻译题Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and
9、consider means of promoting it.There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of them I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach each its due weigh. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to th
10、e extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of techniques. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions m
11、ay have outside the field of medicine. You succeed in enormously lowering the infant death-rate in the world. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even m
12、ore dramatic example, you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every suc
13、h increase augments our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.【答案】【参考译文】大多数人会认同，虽然我们现在的时代在知识方面超过了以前的任何一个时代，但在智慧方面并没有相应的增长。但是，一旦我们试图给智慧下定义并想办法提升智慧，达成一致的意见就不复存在。有几个因素有助于增长智慧。其中，我首先要讲的是一种比例感，即在一个问题中考虑到所有重要因素，并给予每个因素应有的份量的能力。这比过去更加困难，因为各种
