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1、-# -定语从句定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。例女口a clever boy the boili ng waterfalle n leaves? The boy in the classroom n eeds a pen.? The man sta nding there is my teacher.定语从句：一个句子充当定语The boy who is readi ng n eeds the pen.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。I .概念：（1）
2、定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的 从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。（2）先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。（3）关系词：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。分为关系代词和关系副词。（4）定语从句基本构成：先行词+关系词+从句A）关系词的作用：1）引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2）必在从句中 作某个句子成份 （可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）定语从句的引譽who（主岀*宾语）,whomf宾语h that（主语、宾语人whose（定语）关系1. The stude nt who an swered the qu
3、esti on was Joh n.2. I know the reas on why he was so an gry.3. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.4. I d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.B)简单句变定语从句例 1: The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there.The girl (who is sta nding there ) is Mary.如何改写定语从句？1、找准主句和从句，并找出两个简单句的共有
4、成分，确定先行词。2、将从句中的共有成分去掉。3、找准关系词，用关系词引导从句剩下的部分，并紧接在被修饰词(先行词)之后。例 2: A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.例 3: The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.C）定语从句选择关系词三步曲：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。n .几个关系代词的基本用法： that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。（指人时，相当于 who或whom ;指物时，相当于 which）（ 一般不用于非限制性
5、定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语）女口：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.（ 主语）2. Do you know the gen tlema n that/who spoke just now?3. You can take an yth ing （that） you like. （宾语）4. What is the question （that/which） they are talking about?5. Here is the man （who/whom/that ） you want to
6、see. which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father. （主语）2. The book （which/that） I bought yesterday is very in terest ing.（宾语）3. He was proud, which his brother n ever was.（表语） who, whom, whose:who:主格，在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语；只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语；只可指人whose:属格，在从句中
7、作 定语，可指人也可指物。I like the stude nts who/that work hard.（主语）All who heard the story were amazed.（代词女口 he, they, any, those, all, one 等后多用 who.）Hes a man from whom we should learn. （宾语）=Hes a man （whom/who/that） we should lear n from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）rd like a room
8、whose window faces south. （指物）whose +n. =the +n. + of which （ 物）=of which （物）+ the +n.=Id like a room of which the window faces south.whose + n. =the +n. + of whom（ 人）=of whom（人）+ the +n.=Id like a room the window of which faces south.注意：定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数于先行词保持一致This is one of the best books that have
9、ever been written.He is one of the students who study hard at school.当one前面有the only等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词要与one保持一致而取单数形式例如This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written.He is the only one of the students who studies hard at school.川.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较：宜用that,而不宜用which的情况. 先行词为不定代词表示物，all
10、, much, someth ing, everythi ng, any thi ng nothing, none, the one 等, 先行词被 only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.女口： 主句是There be结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用 that作关系代词.女口：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
11、被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that .2. My home village is no Ion ger the place （ that ） it used to be .定语从句中宜用 which而不宜用that的情况： 当关系代词的前面有介词时.1. A zoo is a park in which many kinds of ani mals are kept for exhibiti on. 在非限制性定语从句中.1. Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
12、2. More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. （which指代主句 ）（B） who & that: who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that 先行词为 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people 时.女口：. 在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.女口：I.There is a gen tlema n who w
13、ants to see you .IV .关系副词引导的定语从句： When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。定语从句中 when=in/on/at which,其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day,week, tear, mon th, etc.）I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou V was launched, which has a great effect on my life.I s
14、till remember the days which/that we spent together.（作宾语）Next win ter which/that youll spe nd in Harbin, Im sure, will be excit ing. Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。定语从句中where=in/on/at which,其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place,school, factory, room, etc.This is the factory where /i n which he worked last year.（作状语）This is th
15、e place where I was born.This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）I live in the room which was bought by my father.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane. Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用for which指代；如：That s the reason why/for which he was late.The reas on why / for which he did nt atte nd the meet ing was that he was ill.I dont believe the rea
