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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The storm sweeping over this part of the country is sure to cause（ ）of vegetables in the coming days.问题1选项A.rarityB.preliminaryC.inefficiencyD.invalidity【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。rarity “罕见，珍贵”； preliminary “初步行动；准备工作”；inefficiency “效率低；无效率”； invalidity “无效，无价值。”“被暴风雨
2、袭击”与“蔬菜”之间的关系是前者会造成后者短缺，因此选项A符合题意。2. 翻译题Translate the following part into Chinese.My fellow American, ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world ask not what American will do for you. but what together we can do for the freedom of m
3、an. Finally, whether you are citizens American or citizens of the world ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.【答案】美国同胞们，不要问
4、国家能为你们做些什么、而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么，而要问我们共同能为人类的自由做些什么。最后，不论你们是美国公民还是其他国家公民，你们应要求我们献出我们同样要求于你们的高度力量和牺牲。问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判，让我们走向前去，引导我们所热爱的国家。3. 不定项选择题Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,
5、 high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways
6、for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to make the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, centres of production and work?The industrial age has been
7、 the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought, but, in fact, it could offer a better future for
8、work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosure of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.
9、Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, in the end, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives a
10、nd the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and res
11、ources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?3. It can be in
12、ferred from the passage that （ ）.4. What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?5. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?问题1选项A.Employment become widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.B.Unemployment will remain a major proble
13、m for industrialized nations.C.The industrial age may now be coming to an end.D.Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment.问题2选项A.The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.B.The development of factories.C.Relief from housework on the
14、 part of women.D.Development of modem means of transportation.问题3选项A.most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of timeB.many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructedC.in preindustrial societ
15、ies housework and community service were mainly carried out by womenD.some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed问题4选项A.ShockingB.InterestingC.ConfusingD.Stimulating问题5选项A.Create situations in which people work for themselves.B.Treat employment as the norm.C.Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.D.Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。根据倒数第一段第二句The time has certainly come to switch some effort
