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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题Severe government cuts _ reduce social and health programmes that are vital for the poor. (vary)【答案】invariably【解析】【考查点】副词。【解题思路】横线处修饰动词reduce，政府资金的削减会使社会和卫生项目减少，invariably意思为“始终如一地，一贯地”，符合语境。【句意】政府资金的削减必然会使社会和卫生项目减少，而这些项目对穷人来说至关重要。2. 填空题People are most likely
2、to say they have been dreaming if they are awakened during a period of so-called rapid eye movement, at this time distinctive changes in brain activity are observable. A B C D【答案】D this改为which【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】D部分引导定语从句，对rapid eye movement进行修饰，D部分在从句中充当状语，this不能引导从句，which代表物，可以在这里引导从句。【句意】如果人们在所谓的眼球
3、快速运动时期醒来，可以观察到大脑活动的显著变化，那么他们最有可能说自己一直在做梦。3. 填空题It is precisely this kind of conversation which is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. A B C D【答案】B which改为that【解析】【考查点】强调句。【解题思路】It isthat为强调句，此题强调这种对话的重要性
4、，引导词用that。【句意】当我们想方设法提高阅读能力，以匹配更高的学习水平和随之而来的新要求时，这种对话尤为重要。4. 单选题The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria
5、. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that
6、 contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920s and 1930s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters.In the 1940s and 1950s，biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolis
7、m depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genesthe bluep
8、rints for each of the enzymesand are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseasesdiabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for
9、 the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry.In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which ki
10、nd of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain. What to call t
11、hem? The head hunters. I will return to them later.1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. How do vitamins influence health?3. Which of the following best describes the authors tone in the last paragraph of the passage?4. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to
12、agree?问题1选项A.The microbe hunters.B.The potential of genetic engineering.C.The progress of modern medical research.D.The discovery of enzymes.问题2选项A.They are necessary for some enzymes to function.B.They protect the body from microbes.C.They keep food from spoiling.D.They are broken down by cells to
13、produce energy.问题3选项A.Critical.B.Speculative.C.Appreciative.D.Emotional.问题4选项A.The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.B.Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.C.Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.D.Most diseases are
14、caused by defective genes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】What is the main topic of the passage? 这篇文章的主题是什么？A. The microbe hunters. A. 微生物猎人。B. The potential of genetic engineering. B. 基因工程的潜力。C. The progress of modern medical research.C. 现代医学研究的进展。D. The discovery of enzymes. D. 酶的发现。【答案】C【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章第一段提出为了探究一些可怕疾病的成因，二十世纪二十年代前，医学研究的焦点是微生物（dominated by the microbe hunters），到20年代和30年代，变成维生素（vitamin hunters, replaced the microb
