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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The microphone makes the voice sound louder because it concentrates sound waves in one direction and keeps them from（ ） in all directions.问题1选项A.interferingB.dispersingC.spreadingD.distracting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。interfere妨碍；disperse分散，散开；spread传播；distract转移，分心。句意：麦克风使
2、声音听起来更大，因为它把声波集中在一个方向，并防止它们分散到其他各个方向。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题These small companies now have their own（ ）identity.问题1选项A.discreetB.discreteC.separatedD.isolated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的, 小心的”;discrete“离散的;独立的”;separated“分开的;分居的”;isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。3. 单选题The failure of electri
3、city put all the computers in the region out of （ ） .问题1选项A.workB.tuneC.gearingD.action【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。out of work失业；out of tune不协调；out of gearing没有这种搭配；out of action损坏，不运转。句意：电力故障使该地区所有的计算机无法工作。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to （ ） the weight of the
4、building.问题1选项A.idealizeB.subsideC.initiateD.sustain【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息, 减弱”;initiate“开始, 创始, 发起”;sustain“维持, 支撑, 承担”。句意:大楼倒塌了, 因为地基不够坚固, 承受不了大楼的重量。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always（ ） .问题1选项A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD
5、.straight【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexplicable“费解的, 无法说明的”;healthy“健康的, 健全的”;sound“合理的, 可靠的”;straight“笔直的, 正直的”。句意:我们可以依靠William去执行这次任务, 因为他的判断一直都很可靠。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident （ ） two lorries.问题1选项A.involvingB.includingC.combiningD.con
6、taining【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。involve“涉及”;include“包括”;combine“联合，结合”;contain“包含，容纳”。根据句意可知，这里指涉及两辆货车的事故。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题Both television commercials and programs present （ ） view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.问题1选项A.a standardizedB.an un
7、realisticC.a betterD.an interesting【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“most of us can probably not attain”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符合语境。8. 单选题As regards to the development of moral standards in the growing child, （ ） is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundat
8、ion for morality.问题1选项A.persistenceB.regularityC.consistencyD.conformity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。persistence持续，固执；regularity规则性，整齐；consistency一致性；conformity一致，符合。句意：关于成长中的孩子道德标准的发展，一致性在父母的教学中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。强调一致的性质，所以选项C更恰当9. 单选题Although Venus is the nearest planet of the Earth, little is know
9、n about it because it is （ ） covered by thick clouds.问题1选项A.closelyB.curiouslyC.regularlyD.constantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。closely紧密地，严密地；curiously好奇地；regularly 有规律地；constantly不断地，时常地。句意：尽管金星是离地球最近的行星，但由于它时常被厚厚的云层所覆盖，人们对它知之甚少。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题The senator agrees that his support of the action would （ ） his c
10、hances for reelection.问题1选项A.obscureB.mystifyC.jeopardizeD.distinguish【答案】C【解析】近义词词义辨析。obscure“使模糊不清, 掩盖”;mystify“使迷惑, 使困惑”;jeopardize“危及, 危害, 使陷危地”;distinguish“区分, 辨别, 使杰出”。句意:参议员承认他支持这次行动会影响他再次获选的机会。选项C符合语境。11. 单选题Most people cant get （ ）the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.问题1选项A.onB
11、.overC.throughD.by【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。句意:没有一杯茶或者咖啡, 大多数人都无法清醒地过完这一天。get through表示“度过, 熬过”。所以选项C正确。12. 单选题Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this
12、formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. D
13、ifferences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one ano
14、ther in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What hi
