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1、2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注Subjunctive mood(P122, p. 129. P 143动词过去完成体P181-190, 395条件句14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a _B. (p128) 2017A. past event for exact time referenceB. present event fortentativenessC. present event for uncertaintyD
2、. past event for politenessV.in specific contexts,the simple pastcan also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as th attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试 探性态度 ,而非过去时间 ,多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present
3、 time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude 试探性态度，婉转语气 on the part of the speaker.A:Didyouwant me?B. Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help .Want,
4、wonder, think, hopeThe other is what we call the hypothetical past. The simple past refers not to a fact but to a non-fact, and is typically found in that-clauses following such constructions asIts timeI wishId ratherSupposeAs if15 “If I were you, I wouldnt wait to propose to her” The subjunctivemoo
5、d in the sentence is used to D .183A alleviate hostility B express unfavorable feelingsC. indicate uncertainty D. make a suggestionWere-subjunctivehas only on form were, which applies to subjects of all persons, is hypothetical or unreal in meaningIf, if only, as if, as though, though,Wish, would ra
6、ther, suppose, imagine,As it were( so to speak)宛如，好比54.If only the patient a different treatment instead of using theantibiotics, he might still be alive now. P 186 2007A. had received B.receivedC.should receive D.were receiving正确答案为A). If only引导的虚拟语气解释为”要是该多好啊!”与 现在的事实相反的则if only后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接
7、 过去完成时 had done. 这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方 式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完成时.句意: 如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在可能还活着呢.51.If only I play the guitar as well as you! 2006 P 186 P19252.A would B couldC should D might52.正确答案为B). could表示能够，是一种一般能力表示具体能力用be able top192 If only引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是该多好啊!”. 句意:要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!3.
8、 If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he able toadvise you much better than I can. (2005年51题)2015A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were15 If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. (2015)(395/381)2005A. will beB. wasC. would beD. we
9、re 译文如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出 好的建议。考点虚拟语气。本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去 式explained,但这是复合时态形式，主句说明其内容与现在/将来 的情况相反，所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。B，C不 用于虚拟语气；D. were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。9_ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand （2004 年 44 题）A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surp
10、risedD. Would you have beensurprised44答案：A参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你 会觉得奇怪吗？试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。 详细解答：这是一个错 综时间条件句。条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时 间是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。10. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there. （2000年49题）A. werentB. hasnt beenC. hadnt b
11、eenD. wouldnt be解析考点：虚拟语气。由于主句中使用了 would have done，即表 示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用had done。译文若不 是那儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。11. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.（1998 年 43题）A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need情态动词。should可以表示语气较强的假设，出现在if从句中或用 于
12、省略了 if 的条件句句首位置上。例如：aIf you should change your mind， please let us knowbShould you be interested， I have a book on the subject you might like to seeshould 的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中，表示“万一”、“假若”。 shall 有类似用法，用于 if、when 等引导的从句中，表示将来的可 能性，不过语气太强。例如：cIf you shall ever change your opinion， come to me againshould如果用
13、在以if和in case引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发 生。有时在这种句子中主语和 should 可以倒装，把 should 放在句 首。译文如果你购买的车子在最初 12个月内出现问题，请与授权经销 商交涉。12. , I will marry him all the same. （2004 年 42 题）票A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich orpoorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poorwhether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerbi
14、ng support. 表让步里，be用于虚拟语气句，弓|导一个（选择性）让步状语从句，相当于 whether he be rich or poor。由于 whether 省略，这时 be 需要提 前。 B 其实也讲得通，只是意思上不同，前者表示：不管我是富还 是穷，我都要嫁给他。又如：Whether rich or poor，old or young， all have to die.（新时代英汉大典）译文不管他是富还是穷，我 都要嫁给他。Whether it （he）beor.结构，意为“不管（不论）是还是”，表示 让步，为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。其省略式为“be itor； be heo
15、r”等，句子必须倒装。如：I can translate all these books into Chinese， be they in English， French or Latin. 例句 There being no danger, the police went back to their office.险情解除，警察回警局 了。3虚拟语气用在由“whether”引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语 用原形动词。例如：All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small.所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.无论时间早晩，我们必须在回家前干完工作。All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。 在此句型中，可省去whether，而将be放在主语前。例如：Be it so, we must continue
