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1、2010 年法语托福考试阅读试题( 总分： 40.00 ，做题时间： 120 分钟 )Everyone in a particular society recognizes social roles: father, mother, child, teacher, student, police officer, store clerk, doctor, judge, political leader, and so on. Every culture expects certain types of behavior from people who play certain social r
2、oles. Anyone occupying a given position is expected to adopt a specific attitude. A store clerk is expected to take care of customers patiently and politely, and a judge is expected to make wise and fair decisions about laws. Informal social roles are not always easy to recognize, but can be identif
3、ied with careful research. They are key indicators of a groups health and happiness. Within the family, one informal role is the family hero, the person who defines integrity and upholds family morality.Others are the family arbitrator, the person who keeps the peace, and the family historian, often
4、 a grandparent, who relays valuable cultural information that maintains both the family and the larger society. And finally, there is the family friend, the person who provides comfort and companionship to the family members with emotional needs.(分数： 4.00 )(1) .Why does the author mention a store cl
5、erk and a judge in paragraph 1?A. To give examples of people who hold positions of respects.B. To explain why social roles are important to a society.C. To illustrate the behavior required of certain social roles.D. To compare the responsibilities of two different occupations.(2) .Why does the autho
6、r use the term key indicators in discussing informal social roles?A. To identify the most important type of social roles.B. To explain how to identify informal social rolesC. To point out that informal roles are unique to familiesD. To emphasize the value of informal roles to a groupThe many part of
7、 the earth s atmosphere are linked with the various parts of the earth s surface to produce a whole-the climate system. Different parts of the earth s surface react to theenergy of the sun in different ways. For example, ice and snow reflect much of it. Land surfaces absorb solar energy and heat up
8、rapidly. Oceans store the energy without experiencing a significant temperature rise. Thus, the different types of surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere at different rates. We can view climate as existing in three domains: space, time, and human perception. In the domain of space, we can study
9、local, regional, and global climates. In time, we can look at the climate for a year, a decade, a millennium, and so forth. Finally, we depend on our perceptions of the data, so we must include our own human perception into our model. Human perception must be included if our understanding of climati
10、c processes is to be translated into societal actions. Asa society, we make informed choices about how to use the beneficial effectsof climate, such as deciding when and where to plant crops. We also make choices about how to minimize the harmful effects of climate-storms, blizzards, and droughts.(分
11、数： 4.00 )(1) .Why does the author discuss different parts of the earth s surface in paragraph 1?A. To explain why humans live in some parts but not in othersB. To show that the entire earth is made of the same materialsC. To compare how various surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphereD. To describ
12、e changes in the earth s appearance throughout the year.(2) .According to the author, why must we include human perception in our study of climate?A. We must interpret data and take actions related to climateB. We must create an interesting model of the climate systemC. We must develop an understand
13、ing of our environmentD. We must change our traditional ways of studying climate.Several men have been responsible for promoting forestry as a profession. Foremost was Gifford Pinchot, the father of the professional forestry in America. He was chief of the Forest Service from 1898 until 1910, workin
14、g with President Theodore Roosevelt to instigate sound conservation practices in forests. Later he was professor of forestry and founder of the Pinchot School of Forestry at Yale University. Another great forester was Dr. Bernard E. Fernow, the first head of the U.S. Forest Service. He organized the
15、 first American school of professional forestry at Cornell University. The foresters of today, like Pinchot and Fernow in the past, plan and supervise the growth, protection, and utilization of trees. They make maps of forest areas, estimate the amount of standing timber and future growth, and manag
16、e timber sales. They also protect the trees from fire, harmful insects, and disease. Somef oresters may be responsible for other duties, ranging from wildlife protection and watershed management to the development and supervision of camps, parks, and grazing lands. Others do research, provide information to forest owners and to the general public, and teach in colleges and universities. (分数： 4.00 ) (1).Why does the au
