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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The use of sound is widespread as （ ）of animal communicate on.问题1选项A.a meansB.waysC.a toolD.signals【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。a means方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向； a tool工具； signal信号，标志。句意：声音被广泛地用作动物交流的手段。由is 单数可直接排除B项与D项；声音应该是动物交流的一种手段而不是工具。答案A2. 单选题You should （ ）to one or more week
2、ly magazines such as Time or People.问题1选项A.subscribeB.orderC.prescribeD.reclaim【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。 subscribe订阅，后接介词to；order定购，预定；prescribe开处方；reclaim改造，感化，回收利用 ；由weekly magazines可知答案为A。句意：你应该订阅一本或更多的周刊杂志，比如时代或人物。答案A3. 单选题The Governments policies will come under close （ ）in the weeks before the election
3、.问题1选项A.appreciationB.scrutinyC.specificationD.apprehension【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。appreciation “欣赏，感谢”； scrutiny “审查，细看”；specification“规格，说明书”； apprehension“理解”。句意：选举前的几周，政府的政策将会接受详细审查。由Governments policies及close “严密的”可知B项“审查”能与之搭配。答案B4. 单选题Apart from philosophical and legal reasons for respecting patients
4、 wishes, there are several practical reasons why doctors should （ ）to involve patients in their own medical care decisions.问题1选项A.enforceB.endowC.endeavorD.enhance【答案】C【解析】解析：考查动词辨析题。enforce “实施，执行”；endow “赋予，捐赠”；endeavor “努力，尽力”；enhance“提高，加强”。句意：出于哲学和法律方面的考虑，医生应尊重病人的意愿，除此之外，还有几个实际原因解释了为什么医生应该努力让病人
5、参与他们自己的医疗事项。C项符合句意，答案C5. 单选题Some people either（ ）avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.问题1选项A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。violently “激烈地，猛烈地” ；enthusiastically “热心地，满腔热情地” ；sincerely“真诚地”；deliberately “故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避开是非的问题就是保持中立。eit
6、heror要么要么，表示并列关系，故答案D6. 单选题For most thinkers since （the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists that is
7、to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasi
8、s given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called human nature. The historical appr
9、oach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology （人类学）.The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet
10、of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle a
11、nd most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate （天生的） human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically
12、 to human nature in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably ties in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of ev
13、olution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.1.The traditional view of human nature was strongly challenged by（ ）.2.According to
14、the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings（ ）.3.The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker in order to（ ）.4.The word “untenable” in the last paragraph （Line 3） of the passage most probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.the emergence of the evolutionary theoryB.the historical approach to m
15、anC.new insight into human behaviorD.the philosophical analysis of slavery问题2选项A.have some traits in commonB.are born with diverse culturesC.are born without a fixed natureD.change their characters as they grow up问题3选项A.Emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human natureB.show that the concept of human nature was used to justify social evilsC.prove that lie had a profound influence on the concept of human natureD.support
