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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题We work to make money, but it is （ ）a that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.问题1选项A.dilemmaB.conflictC.prejudiceD.paradox【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。 dilemma “困境；进退两难”；conflict “冲突，矛盾”； prejudice “偏见；侵害”；paradox “悖论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：我们工作
2、时为了挣钱，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且时间长的人通常并不是挣钱最多的。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economistsboth conservative and liberalconcluded that “an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today
3、 as a physician who favors leeching.”Why the consensus? International free trade, economists agree, makes possible higher standards of living all over the globe. The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit; otherwise they wouldnt trad
4、e. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the money spent, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because of the sale. Moreover, it doesnt matter whether the shirt salesman is from the United States or Hong Kong (or anywhere else).The vast majority of Amer
5、ican manufactures face international competition. This competition forces companies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encourages monopoly, lower quality and higher, prices. Americans pay an enormous price for protectionismover $ 60 billion a year or $ 1000 for a family of
6、four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar.Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient, by allowing nation to capitalize on their strengths. The United States has an advantage in food production, for instance, while Saudi Arabia has
7、an advantage in oil. The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us. Similarly, we could become self-sufficient in petroleum by squeezing more out of oil shale. But it is much less costly to bu
8、y some of our oil from Saudi Arabia. Trade between our two countries improves the standard of living in both.Protectionism is both wasteful and unjust. It taxes most heavily the people who can least afford it. Thus, tariffs that raise the price of shoes burden the poor more than the rich. Despite th
9、e powerful case for free trade, the United States and the rest of the world have always been protectionists to some degree. This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special-interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed. To
10、make matters worse, much of what we hear on this issue is misinformation spread by the special interests themselves.1.The economists （ ）.2.The two partners in a free trade（ ）.3.What is the authors attitude toward protectionism denoted from the 3rd paragraph?4.Why has protectionism always been exerci
11、sed even if it is wasteful and unjust?5.According to the free trade principle, the author suggests that（ ）.问题1选项A.disagree whether to restrict free trade or notB.agree on free tradeC.agree on the restriction of internal tradeD.hold different arguments because of their different interests.问题2选项A.do n
12、ot care at allB.care for different thingsC.care for the things being tradedD.care for the same things问题3选项A.SincereB.AppreciativeC.GratefulD.Ironic问题4选项A.It helps to establish national industry of ones ownB.It can achieve an independent economyC.It is favored by general publicD.It benefits some priv
13、ileged few.问题5选项A.U.S. explore its oil shaleB.Saudi Arabia build its own industryC.Saudi Arabia import food from the U.S.D.U.S. become more self-sufficient in food.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.考察细节事实问题。文章第一段第一句Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade提到经济
14、学家之间的不一致有很多，但是在自由贸易上却一致。选项B符合题意。2.考察推理判断问题。文章第三段第一句The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit; otherwise they wouldnt trade提到自由贸易双方关注的问题是 “获利”，因此二者关心的是同一问题。选项D符合题意。3.考察观点态度问题。文章第三段提到国际自由贸易导致竞争，而竞争会促使产品质量的提升。而贸易保护主义会导致垄断，比如美国。该段最后一句提到
15、由于美国施行贸易保护主义，使得美国居民要花两倍的价钱来买糖（Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar）。本意是保护本国贸易，却导致居民消费成本大幅度增加，因此可以看出作者是带有讽刺口吻在述说这件事。选项D符合题意。4.考察细节事实问题。文章倒数第一段倒数第二句This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special-interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed提到自由贸易受益的是普通大众，而贸易保护主义受益的是一些特殊集团。选项D符合题意。5.考察推理判断问题。文章第四段第二句The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchas
