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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He is going to（ ）the meeting on the subject of war and peace in a minute.问题1选项A.speakB.talkC.remarkD.address【答案】D【解析】近义词词义辨析。talk通常与to/with/about搭配；speak一般接某种语言，不接说话的内容；remark 指某人对他人观点或言行的评论；address做动词时表示：向讲话，向发表演说，一般用于正式场合。address the meeting on sth.表示：就议题在大会
2、上发言。所以本题选D。2. 单选题Mr. Smith asked his secretary to（ ） a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.问题1选项A.invadeB.installC.insertD.inject【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。 invade侵入；install安装；insert 插入, 镶入；inject注射。句意：Mr. Smith要求他的秘书在她正在打的年度报告中插入一段。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has l
3、ong been a severe critic of the governments（ ）policies.问题1选项A.economicB.economicalC.economyD.economics【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析。economic经济学的，经济的；economical节约的，节俭的；economy经济；economics经济学。句意：虽然Smith博士本人不是经济学家，但他长期以来一直是政府经济政策的严厉批评者。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题The deterioration of the environment, both physically and aesthetica
4、lly, is most apparent in our cities. The dehumanizing effects of life in the slums and ghettoes particularly, where there is little hope for improving conditions, have often been cited as contributing causes of urban rioting and disturbances. Crime rates usually reach their peak in these neighborhoo
5、ds. Such symptoms of general psychological maladjustment suggest that modern cities provide a less than ideal environment for human beings.There seems to be abundant evidence that traditional cultural patterns break down in cities, and also that the high numbers of contacts with individuals, not par
6、t of ones circle of regular social acquaintances may lead to mental disturbance defined here merely as behavior generally considered “disturbed” by the majority of the society. It is important to note that antisocial behavior and “mental illness” are found in all cultures, and that indeed the same d
7、isorders recognized by Western psychiatrists are found even in primitive peoples. Therefore, we can be reasonably certain that lack of an evolutionarily “natural” environment is not the sole cause of such behavior. Nevertheless, that lack may well serve to aggravate the problems of people living in
8、our most crowded, smoggy, and impersonal metropolises.Stanford psychologist PG Zimbardo has concluded that urban pressures are transforming Americans into potential assassins. He based his conclusions on experimental studies of the connection between anonymity and aggression, and on field studies of
9、 vandalism. He noted an estimated 230 violent urban outbreaks in the period 1964-1969, and reported that in 1967 vandals in New York City alone wrecked 360, 000 pay telephones, broke 202, 719 school windows, and did damage to parks and transit systems costing some $ 850, 000. Cars were abandoned on
10、streets of a large city (New York) and a small one (Palo Alto, California) , and secretly watched to see if there was a difference in vandalism between the two localities. The New York car was virtually demolished within three days by 23 separate attacks by looters and vandals, nearly all in view of
11、 passersby and during the daytime. The Palo Alto car was not molested for more than a week. How much (if any) of such behavior might be reduced if density were lowered is unknown, but at least the anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that high density is a factor in such problems. Crime rates are so
12、me five times as high in urban as in rural areas. Though some of this difference may be due to disparities in reporting, not all of it can be explained on this basis. Rates for violent crimes have been shown to be positively correlated with actual population densities in American cities. This genera
13、l correlation held for statistics taken in three different years, 1940, 1950, and 1960, in the same cities. The rises in assault and robbery with higher density were particularly striking, although murder and rape both also reflected the trend. Robbery is the only one of the four that does not most
14、commonly occur between acquaintances. Interestingly, crime rates in the suburbs have been rising in the past few years, especially among teenagers from relatively affluent areas, although their crimes are more often acts against property than crimes of violence.1.According to the passage, most often
15、 crimes are committed in（）.2.Which of the following statements is TRUE about antisocial behavior and “mental illness”?3.According to PG Zimbardos research,（ ）.4.The writer holds that（ ）.5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of breakdown in urban areas?问题1选项A.the suburbsB.commercial areas of big citiesC.the slums and ghettoesD.the parks and transit systems问题2选项A.They are unique in modern cities.B.They are graver in metropolises.C.They are never found in primitive peoples.D.They result entirely from the lack of a “natural” environment.问题3选项A.there
