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1、2022年高考英语专题复习 词义猜测学案阅读理解专题四：词义猜测题Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremel
2、y delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal bee seethrough? Its tr
3、ickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering a
4、nd absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from t
5、he surrounding air or water. You dont see ityou see the things behind it.To bee transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt h
6、ave pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materialsskin, fat, and moreand light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves
7、 into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of nonliving jellylike (
8、果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is cle
9、ar: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a nontransparent milky white.63According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_.Astay in groups Bcan be easily damagedCappear only in deep ocean Dare beautiful creatures64The underlined word “dead” in Para
10、graph 3 means _.Asilently Bgradually Cregularly Dpletely65One way for an animal to bee transparent is to _.Achange the direction of light travel Bgather materials to scatter lightCavoid the absorption of light Dgrow bigger to stop light66The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals _.
11、Amove more slowly in deep water Bstay seethrough even after deathCproduce more tissues for their survivalDtake effective action to reduce light spreading根据提示将答案写在横线上。Step 1：浏览问题，速读全文。本文是一篇_文，向读者介绍了_的原因。Step 2：审题、解题。63_。考查_。根据文章第一段第三句话“Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simpl
12、e touch”可知透明的动物很容易被伤害。_。根据第三段中第四句话前半句其他的动物吸收光，可以猜出后面是完全地阻止光的传播，画线单词的意思应为“完全地”。65_。考查_。根据第五段第一句话可知，要想变得透明，动物需要避免它的身体吸收光或散射光。66_。考查_。根据最后一段可知，较大的动物保持透明是一个积极的过程，而根据前文我们知道保持透明需要减少光的扩散。Step 3：验证答案。认真分析题干与选项以及与题干相关的信息，结合文章主题验证答案正确与否。技法点拨突破高考题型概述TIXINGGAISHUxx年高考英语新课标全国卷考试说明中，对该类型的考题由原来“根据上下文推断生词的含义”变为“根据上
13、下文推断单词和短语的含义”。显然，该类型题目需要我们引起高度的重视。1(1)What does the underlined word mean in the.?(2)The word “.” probably refers to.其中均含有word or underlined word。2(1)The term/sentence in.can be replaced by.(2)What does the underlined phrase/sentence mean in the last paragraph?根据命题方式的不同，结合xx年高考英语考试说明，我们对此类型题目分为三类进行讲解
14、：词汇意义猜测题、猜测短语或句意题、猜测指代题。1词汇意义猜测题(1)利用构词法猜测词义词根是单词最重要的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意思，所以掌握各种词根、前缀、后缀等的基本含义，猜测新词义会事半功倍。利用构词法猜测的词义，再代入句子进行验证，看是否符合语境，从而确定答案。典例1 What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isnt a prerequisite for a modern growyourown lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre
15、in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can (装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.55The underlined word “prerequisite” is closest in meaning to “_”Arecipe BSubstitute Crequirement Dchallenge(2)利用定义，解释和举例猜测词义在一些文章中，特别是新闻报道及科普类说明文中，生词后面往往用_等或破折号、冒号引出说明性的内容，有时也用同位语、定语从句进行解释说明。还有些文章经常用例子来说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助考生准确猜测生词。文章举例时，常常会用一些连接词，如：_等。典例2 Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Bef
