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1、人教版英语精品资料Section_Grammar_&_Writing过去分词(短语)作状语一、概述过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明动作发生的背景或情况，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以跟状语从句转换，表示时间、让步、结果、方式等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为动宾关系。二、用法1时间状语过去分词(短语)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，可以在其前加上 when, while, until 等，使其时间意义更明确；该状语可置于句首、句尾或主语与谓语之间。从时间意义上看，该动作常表示先于谓语动作发生，也可与谓语动作同时发生。Told that his mother was ser
2、iously ill, Li Ping hurried home quickly.(先于谓语动作发生)得知妈妈病得很严重，李平迅速赶回家。Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. When (it is) seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，城市显得更美丽。(与谓语动作同时发生)1 (安徽高考改编)Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps
3、on inspiring childrens love of art. (天津高考改编)Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.(四川高考改编)Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. (陕西高考改编) Seen (see) from the top of the tower, the south
4、foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2原因状语过去分词(短语)作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，多位于句首，偶尔也出现在句尾或句中。Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying.孩子们被英雄事迹所感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。Lost in thought, he almost knocked into a tree.由于陷入了沉思，他差点撞到树上。The child well brought up by his parents behaves very well.由于受到父母很好
5、的教育，这个孩子举止规矩有礼。2(天津高考改编) Clearly and thoughtfully written(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(北京高考改编)Bitten (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.3条件状语过去分词(短语)作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句，可以在其前加上 if, unless, once 等，多位
6、于句首，该状语可能是对过去被动动作的假设，也可能没有具体的时间性，表示一种客观情况。Given more time, we could do it better. If (we were) given more time, we could do it better.多给我们点时间的话，我们会做得更好。(对过去被动动作的假设)Heated, water will turn into steam. If (it is) heated, water will turn into steam.如果受热，水会变成水蒸气。3(北京高考改编)Used (use) with care, one tin wi
7、ll last for six weeks.(江西高考改编)Given (give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.4让步状语过去分词(短语)作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时可用在 although, though, even if, even though, whether .or 等连词后。多位于句首，偶尔也出现在句尾。Beaten by the opposite team, they didnt lose hear
8、t and encouraged each other. Though (they were) beaten by the opposite team, they didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然被对方打败了，但是他们没有灰心丧气，而是相互鼓励。Wounded, the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins. Though (they were) wounded, the brave soldiers continued to f
9、ight to search for the trapped in the ruins.虽然受伤了，但是勇敢的战士们仍然继续作战，寻找被困在废墟中的人们。5方式或伴随状语作方式或伴随状语的过去分词(短语)，相当于由 and 引导的并列结构。该状语可置于句首、句尾或句中。The president entered the hall, accompanied by a group of leaders. The president entered the hall, and he was accompanied by a group of leaders.总统由一群领导陪着进了大厅。Support
10、ed by a girl, the old man got off the bus. The old man was supported by a girl, and he got off the bus.在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人下了公共汽车。三、过去分词(短语)作状语应注意的问题1作状语的过去分词(短语)其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词(短语)动作的承受者，即过去分词(短语)表示的动作与主语之间是动宾关系。Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. (give 和 I 之间是动宾关系)再给我一小时，我也能解出这道题
11、。2值得注意的是，有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost (迷路)，seated (坐)，hidden (躲)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)，tired of (厌烦)。Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。3过去分词(短语)常跟 when, while, after, if, unless, although/though, as if 等连词一起用，修饰谓语动词。Metals expand
12、 when heated.金属加热后会膨胀。4(湖南高考改编)Children, when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(江西高考改编)If asked (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.(安徽高考改编)When asked (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it ver
13、y interesting and rewarding. (全国卷改编)Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.四、过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语的区别过去分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。Asked why he was late, he cried. 被问到为什么迟到时，他哭了。Looking out of the
14、 window, I saw some students playing there.我朝窗外望去，看见几个学生正在那边玩耍。助记分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用 ing, 被动用 ed，having done 表先后，千万要牢记。.用所给动词的适当形式填空1Devoted (devote) to his work, the professor cares little about any other things.2Dressed (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like
15、a cook than a doctor.3Worn (wear) out after a long walk, Kate called and said she couldnt come to the party.4Freed (free) of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted away.5Once considered (consider) a difficult and even dangerous place, Vietnam is now a friendly destination that welcomes visitors from all over the world.6Though told (tell) to stop, the two girls kept on talking at the meeting.7Once lost (lose), such a chance might never come again.8Written (write) carelessly, your composition is full of mistakes.完成句子1由于天天被打扫，这个办公
