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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A.D.250 and continued to （ ） for hundreds of years.问题1选项A.thriveB.flourishC.prevailD.popularize【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。thrive繁荣, 兴旺, 主要指生长得健壮;flourish繁荣, 兴旺, 指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行, 战胜;popula
2、rize普及, 推广。句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期, 并持续繁荣了数百年。所以选项B更合适。2. 单选题The court ruled that John was （ ） in hitting the man in self-defense punished.问题1选项A.justifiedB.accusedC.approvedD.admitted【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。justified证明.正当；accused指责，控告；approved认可；admitted承认。 句意：法院裁决John被证明打人是正当防卫而受到惩罚。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Eve
3、ryone is trying to （ ） how the fire started.问题1选项A.figure outB.make outC.turn outD.clear out【答案】B【解析】figure out计算岀;估计; make out理解;辨认岀; turn out生产,结果是; clear out清除,扫出。根据句意：每个人都想弄明白火是如何开始的。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题The kitchen was small and（ ）so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty.问题
4、1选项A.complexB.completeC.compactD.composite【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。complex复合的, 复杂的; complete 完整的, 彻底的; compact 紧凑的, 简洁的; composite 混合的, 综合的。句意：厨房小而紧凑，残疾妇女可以毫不费力地够到任何东西。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题She hesitated for a （ ） of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.问题1选项A.fictionB.functionC.frictionD.frac
5、tion【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。fiction小说;function功能;friction摩擦;fraction部分。a fraction of意为一小部分, 零点几, 为固定搭配。句意：在接受他的网球挑战之前, 她犹豫了片刻。所以选项D正确。6. 单选题To maintain a leading position in the market, companies have to develop products which are cheaper, more（ ） and more reliable than those of their competitors.问题1选项A.innov
6、ativeB.commensurateC.enlighteningD.legitimate【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。innovative创新的，革新的；commensurate相称的，同量的；enlightening富有启发的；legitimate合法的，合理的，正当的。句意：为了在市场上保持领先地位，公司必须开发出比竞争对手更便宜、更创新、更可靠的产品。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题Shallow pools of water are liable to attract mosquitoes and other （ ） .问题1选项A.insectsB.fliesC.garbageD.g
7、arage【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。insects昆虫;flies苍蝇;garbage垃圾;garage仓库。句意：浅水区容易吸引蚊子和其他昆虫。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题Such occupations were so （ ） as to be unworthy of his full attention.问题1选项A.triggeringB.triplingC.triflingD.trembling【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。triggering触发，启动； tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling发抖的，战栗的。根据下句可推测出，选项C更符合
8、句意。句意：这些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神贯注。9. 单选题Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to meas
9、ure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins.The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations
10、of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.Amanda
11、 Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest, says Nimon. First they exhibit large a
12、nd prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators （捕食者）to fly in and remove eggs or chicks. The artificial egg, specially developed for the project, monitored both the parent who had been disturbed when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent
13、 as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimons findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently 一 and Nimons work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that
14、Culiks research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins, responses entailed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with heart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.1.Previous
15、research by German scientists has shown that （ ） .2.A new finding in recent research by British scientists is that （ ） .3.An artificial egg is used in the new research in order to （ ） .4.According to Nimon, the conductor of the new research, a comparison of the old and the new research reveals that （ ） .5.According to the passage, which factor is
