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1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved” by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It
2、 is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society. The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility, are outdated. In all Western
3、 industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to
4、subsist; in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any “reason.” I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, lets say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation
5、.This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of
6、 the inherent laziness in human nature. Actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not ground
7、less from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. Fr
8、eedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement o
9、f freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.1.People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to（ ） .2.Now it is widely accepted that （ ） .3.The writer argues that a system of social insurance should （ ） .4.According to the writer, a system of guaranteed subsis
10、tence minimum（ ） .问题1选项A.the slow development of the economyB.the poor and jobless peoples own faultsC.the lack of responsibility on the part of societyD.the large number of people who were not well-educated问题2选项A.the present system of social insurance should be improvedB.everybody should be granted
11、 a minimum of subsistence without any “reason”C.everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the countryD.people have to change their attitude towards the poor问题3选项A.provide benefits for the sick, old and unemployedB.encourage people to take on more social obligationsC.guarantee everyone the ri
12、ght to be employedD.provide everyone with the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period问题4选项A.demands too much from societyB.makes freedom of contract impossibleC.helps people take interest in their workD.helps bring about changes in the relationship among people【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D【解析
13、】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to _. 1. 过去，人们认为贫穷和失业是因为_。A. the slow development of the economy A. 经济发展缓慢B. the poor and jobless peoples own faults B. 穷人和失业者自己的错误C. the lack of responsibility on the part of society C. 社会责任的缺失D. the large number of people
14、who were not well-educated D. 大量没有受过良好教育的人【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第一段第四句“一百年前流行的观点认为穷人的处境是由于他们的无知和缺乏责任感，现在这种观点已经过时了”，可知，过去，人们认为贫穷和失业是因为穷人和失业者自己的无知和缺乏责任感，B项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“经济发展缓慢”和D项“大量没有受过良好教育的人”没有提到，无中生有；C项“社会责任的缺失”太片面，以偏概全。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. Now it is widely accepted that _. 2. 现在人们普遍认为_。A. the present syst
15、em of social insurance should be improved A. 现行的社会保险制度应该得到完善B. everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any “reason” B. 每个人都应该在没有任何“理由”的情况下获得最低生活保障C. everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the country C. 人人都有分享国家财富的权利D. people have to change their attitude towards the poor D. 人们必须改变对穷人的态度【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第三句“现在人们普遍认为（It is generally accepted that），无论是自然法则还是社会法则，都不应该把任何人排除在国家财富之外”，这也就是说，人人都有权利分享国家的财富。C选项符合题干。【干扰项排除】A项“现行的社会保险制度应该得到完善”和D项“人们必须改变对穷人的态度”没有提到，无中生有；B项“每个人都应该在没有任何理由的情况下获得最低生活保障”，这是作者的观点，属于张冠李戴。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. The writer argues th
