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1、FluidMechanicsEnglish目录IntroductionThepropertiesoffluidsHydrostatisticsFluiddynamicsFlowphenomenaandmodelsTheApplicationofFluidMechanicsinEngineering01IntroductionPartDefinitionofFluidMechanicsFluiddynamicsisasciencethatstudiesthelawsoffluidmotionandtheirinteractionswithphysicalfieldssuchasthermodyn
2、amicsandelectromagnetics.FluidFluidreferstosubstanceswithfluidity,includingliquidsandgases.DynamicsThedisciplinethatstudiesthelawsofmotionandchangeofobjects.DefinitionofFluidDynamicsFluiddynamicshasawiderangeofapplicationsinthefieldofengineering,suchasaerospace,shipbuilding,energy,environment,etc.Fl
3、uiddynamicsisanimportantfoundationofdisciplinessuchasphysics,chemistry,andbiology,andisofgreatsignificanceforadeeperunderstandingofnaturalphenomenaandpromotingthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Fluiddynamicsplaysanimportantroleineconomicdevelopment,suchasimprovingenergyutilizationefficiencyandopti
4、mizingtransportationperformance,providingtechnicalsupportforeconomicdevelopment.EngineeringapplicationsScientificresearchEconomicdevelopmentTheImportanceofFluidMechanicsAncienttimesAncienthumanshaveaccumulatedsomeknowledgeaboutfluidsinpractice,suchaswaterconservancyengineeringandirrigationsystemsinC
5、hina.ModerntimesWiththeindustrialrevolutionandthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,fluiddynamicshasgraduallyformedanindependentdiscipline.ModernWiththeadvancementofcomputertechnologyandnumericalcalculationmethods,fluiddynamicshasbeenstudiedandappliedmoredeeply,involvingawiderrangeoffields.TheDevelop
6、mentHistoryofFluidMechanics02ThepropertiesoffluidsPartSummaryFluidsaresubsetsthatcanflowandtaketheshapeoftheircontainersDetaileddescriptionFluidsaresubsetsthathavenodefinedshapeandadapttheirshapetothatofthecontainerinwhichtheyareenclosedTheyarecapableofflowingandtheirparticlescanmovepasteachotherFlu
7、idDefinitionFluidscanbeclassifiedaseitherliquidsorgasesSummaryFluidsarebroadlyclassifiedaseitherliquidsorgasesbasedontheirphysicalpropertiesLiquidshaveadefinedvolumebutflowtotaketheshapeoftheircontainer,whilegaseshavenodefinedshapeorvolumeDetaileddescriptionFluidclassificationSummaryThephysicalprope
8、rtiesoffluidsincludedensity,visibility,compressibility,andsurfacetensionDetaileddescription单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思。9行*22字Fluidphysicalp
9、roperties03HydrostatisticsPartFluid01AfluidisasubstancethatdeformscontinuouslyunderanappliedshearstressPressure02PressureisdefinedastheforceperunitareaappliedverticallytothesurfaceofanobjectArchimedesPrinciples03ArchimedesPrinciplestatesthatabodyimmersedinafluidishiredupbyaforceequaltotheweightofthe
10、displayedfluidBasicconceptsoffluidstatisticsBasicPrinciplesofHydrostatisticsThebuyancyforceistherewardforceexecutedonanobjectembeddedinafluidduetothepressuredifferencebetweenthetopandbottomoftheobjectBuyancyForceHydrostaticEquilibriumistheconditioninwhichthenetforceandtorqueonafluidelementarezeroHyd
11、rostaticEquilibriumHydrostaticstressisthepressureexecutedbyafluidonitscontainerorsurveysHydrostaticStressPressureMeasurement:Pressuremeasurementisacommonapplicationofstatistics,wherepressuregaugesorinstrumentsareusedtomeasurefluidpressureArchimedesPrinciplesinDividingandSubjects:ArchimedesPrinciples
12、areappliedinDividingandfeasiblevehiclestodeterminethebuoyantforceonthevehicleanditsoccurrencesHydrostaticBalanceinWeighing:Hydrostaticbalanceisusedinweighingdevicestomeasuretheweightofobjectsembeddedinfluids,suchaswaterormercury,bybalancingthebulkforcewiththeweightoftheobjectApplicationofHydrostatis
13、tics04FluiddynamicsPartFluidsFluidsaresubsetsthatflowandconformtotheshapeoftheircontainerTheycanbegases,liquids,orplasticsFlowsFlowscanbelaminarorturbulentLaminarflowshavesmooth,parallelstreams,whileturbulentflowshaveirregularandchaoticstreamsSensitivitySensitivityisameasureofafluidsresistancetoflow
14、Highvisibilityfluidsresistanceflow,whilelowvisibilityfluidsfloweasily010203BasicconceptsoffluiddynamicsContinuityEquationThe rate of mass addition orloss must equal the rate ofmassfluxthroughthecontrolvolumeboundaryMomentumEquationThe net force acting on acontrolvolumemustequaltherate of momentum ch
15、angewithinthecontrolvolumeEnergyEquationThe net power input to acontrolvolumemustequaltherate of energy change withinthecontrolvolumeBasicPrinciplesofFluidDynamicsFluiddynamicsapplicationsAerodynamicsThestudyofairflowaroundobjects,suchasairplaneandmissesFluidMachineryThestudyofhowfluidsmovethroughma
16、chines,suchaspumpsandturbinesHydrodynamicsThestudyofwateraroundobjects,suchasshipsandsubmarinesCombinationThestudyofhowfuelsburninairflow,suchasinenginesandfuels05FlowphenomenaandmodelsPartVSAflowregimeinwhichfluidparticlesmoveinparallellayers,withnosignificantmixingbetweenlayersItoccursatlowReynoldsnumbers,whenvisualforcesdominateoverinternalforcesTurbulenceAChaoticflowregioncharacterizedbyrandom,unpredictablemotionoffluidparticlesItoccursathighReynoldsnumbers,wheninternalforcesbecomedominantTu
