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1、Chapter Ten教法提示Conversion of Affirmation and Negation in translationI. Teaching contents1. Review and comments on the assignments2. Conversion of affirmation and negation in translation3. Summary4. Assignments5. References for further readingII. Aims of teachingTo make students know about the techni
2、ques of translation and especially to grasp conversion of affirmation and negation in translationIII. Teaching FocusStudents ability in dealing with the techniques especially in conversion of affirmation and negation in translationppt. aidedIV. Teaching proceduresStep One: Review and comments on the
3、 assignmentsA. Omission:1. 语法角度上的省略enlightenment2. 意义或修辞角度上的省略B. Negation1. 全部否定2部分否定3. 双重否定4. 形式上否定，意义上肯定5. 表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇6. 英语中反诘问句7否定转移8. “no”与谓语动词的肯定式句型：9. “no”和“not”表示否定意义的区别10.某些词后的否定转移教法提示Step Two: Conversion of affirmation and negation in translation正如前面所讲每一种语言都有自己独特的否定方式。由于英、汉语之间 存在着很大差别，在
4、翻译时可以根据英、汉语各自的特点及其表达习惯等, 进行正反互译，既英语从正面表达，汉语可以从反面翻译；英语从反面表 达，汉语可以从正面翻译，从而使译文符合译语的表达习惯、达到强调或 修辞的目的或准确地表达出原文的精神风貌。例如：1. Excuse me.对不起。（原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达。）2. “Dont stop working,” he said.（反面表达）他说，“继续干活吧。”（正面 表达）3. He went into the insecure building.（反面表达）他走进那所危楼。（正面表达，有强调的作用）他走进那所不安全的大楼。（反面表达，语气不如上文强）4. H
5、e knew he was mortally ill.（副词，肯定）ppt. aided他知道他得的是不治之症。（形容词，译为否定句）5. Without reasoning one is apt to be beyond control.（前置词，肯定）没有理智容易变成不受约束。（动词，定否定）归纳起来，正反互译主要有以下一些情况：A.原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达1. 动词Such a chance was denied me.我没有得到这样一个机会。2. 副词A: The boy is quite clever. B: Exactly.甲：这孩子很聪明。乙：一点不错。3. 形容词1）It
6、 would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given.ppt. aided甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想。2）The explanation is pretty thin.这个解释是相当不充实的。3）His refusal is not final.他的拒绝不是不可改变的。4. 前置词1）This problem is above me.这问题我不懂。（或：我解决不了）。2）It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.他无权签订这种合同。5 连接词1）The guer
7、rillas would fight to death before they surrendered.游击队员宁愿战斗到死，而决不投降。2）I will not go unless I hear from him.如果他不通知我，我就不去。6.名词1） By about six-thirty the sounds of aircraft, trucks and tanks had become quite familiar, but a series of small explosions nearby seemed cause for new anxiety.大约到六点半，大家对飞机、卡车
8、和坦克的声音已经很习以为常了。教法提示但是附近一些轻微的爆炸声似乎又造成了新的不安。7. 短语1) The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war. 岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。enlightening2) We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 我们相信，年表一代将不会辜负我们的信任。3) When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know wh
9、at to do. 菲利普误了最后一班公共汽车，茫然不知该怎么办。8. 句子1) If it worked once, it can work twice. 一次得手，再次不愁。2) My guess is as good as yours.我的猜测并不比你的高明。3) The decision has to come.决定还没有做出。B.英语从反面表达，译文从正面表达1. 动词1) I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded. 一天我和他乘车转了一转，看看船如何卸货。2) The doubt was still u
10、nsolved after his repeated explanations.虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。2. 副词1) He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. 他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。2) Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably. 许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的。3. 形容词1) He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 他这个人
11、优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。2) All the articles are untouchable in the museum.discussion博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。4. 名词1) He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business.他对他的父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。2) I watched with disbelief as a number was put on my right forearm-82585.当一个号码一82585刺在我右前臂时，我怀疑地看着。5. 短语1) Dont lose time in post
12、ing this letter.赶快把这封信寄出去。2) The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer. 调查的结果清清楚楚说明病人死于癌症。3 ) Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 今天下午学生统统要交书面作业。group work6句子1 ) Such fights couldnt long escape notice.这类飞行迟早要会被人发觉的。教法提示enlighteningdiscussi
13、on2） Ashurst saw at once that Phil was not all right. 艾舍斯特马上看到菲尔出了毛病。Step Three: Put the following into Chinese or vice versa, paying special attention to the hints given before each type of sentencesA. Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese1. Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many
14、 use worst. （adv.）时间是我们最缺少的，但可叹之至，偏偏许多人最不善于利用。2. They feel great anxiety about his sickness. （ n.） 他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。3. The criminal is still at large. （phrase）罪犯还未捉拿归案。B. Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese1. He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. （adv.）他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。C. Sam
15、e English Words, with Either Affirmative or Negative Equivalents in Chinese1. Im new to the work. 这工作我是生手。（这工作我不熟悉。）2. He is free with his money.他花钱大手大脚。（他花钱从不吝啬。）3. He realized that he was in trouble.他意识到遇到麻烦了。（他感到自己的处境不妙。）4. The station is no distance at all. 车站近在咫尺。（车站一点儿也不远。）5. Its no less than a fraud.这简直是一场骗局。（这无异于一场骗局。）6. The works of art were left intact, the money gone.艺术品还在，钱却不翼而飞。（艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而飞。）D. Double Negative for Emphasis1. There is no rule that has no exception.任何规则都有
