《自考英语二第八单元讲义》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自考英语二第八单元讲义（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Unit 8 Text A effective adj.有效的, 被实施的, 给人深刻印象, 有生力量 effectiveness n. stumble vt. vi.结结巴巴地说话，使困惑，蹒跚 stumble over 结结巴巴地说e.g. When she was asked to answer questions in class, she always stumbles over her words.moderate vt. vi. （使）缓和 a.中等的，适度的 moderator n.裁判者，主持人convince vt.使确信，使信服spoil vt.损坏，搞糟，扰乱e.g.T
2、he crops have been spoiled by the insects.confuse vt. 搞乱，使糊涂 confusion n.混乱，混淆You should avoid confusing friend with foe.suppose vt.推想, 假设, 猜想vi.料想conj.假使.结果会怎样 summarize v.概述, 总结, 摘要而言 summary n.总结 considerate adj.考虑周到的，体谅的，会照顾的 Mary is very considerate of the poor.appreciate vt.赏识, 鉴赏, 感激vi.增值, 涨价
3、 e.g. We greatly appreciated your timely help when we were in trouble. thoughtfulness n.思虑，慎重 thoughtful a.认真思考的，想得周到的dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的 e.g. The meeting between the mother and her son was dramatic indeed.enjoyable a.令人愉快的，可享受的 enjoy v.喜欢，享受的乐趣volunteer n.志愿者, 志愿兵adj.志愿的, 义务的, 无偿的v.自愿Many old pe
4、ople volunteer in community service and day care centres.call n.喊声, 叫声, 命令, 号召, 访问, 叫牌, 通话, 必要v.呼叫, 召集, 称呼, 认为, 命名, 打电话call upon 要求，号召；拜访cheer up 高兴起来put oneself in sb. elses shoes 设身处地从别人的观点看问题in good taste a.得体的，大方的 be in bad taste 不得体的，不礼貌的focus on 集中cut in 插嘴，插入，把插入over someones head 超过某人的理解力com
5、e through 表明，显示，经历，脱险 How to Give a Good Speech 怎样做好演讲(We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life， but most of us do not do a very good job生活中我们都会有被邀请就某一问题做演讲的时候，但是大多数人都做得不很好。This article gives some suggestions on how to give a good speech这篇文章就如何才能做好演讲提出了一些建议。)So，you have to give
6、a speechand you are afraid You get nervous，you forget what you want to say，you stumble over words，you talk too long，and you bore your audience好吧，你不得不做一次演讲。但你怕，你紧张，你忘记了想说的话，你结结巴巴地讲话，你讲话的时间过长，你使听众厌烦。Later you think. “Thank goodness，its overIm just no good at public speakingI hopeI never have to do tha
7、t again”讲完后你会这样想“谢天谢地，总算讲完了。我就是不善于在公众面前讲话。我希望我再也不要干这种事了。”Cheer up! It doesnt have to be that bad!别泄气演讲并不一定就那么令人不愉快。Here are some simple steps to take a pain out of speech-making下面向你介绍一些解除演讲痛苦的几个简单步骤。First of all，it is important to planDo your homework首先，重要的是要拟个计划，作好准备，Find out everything you can abo
8、ut your subject找到与你演讲题目有关的一些材料。And，at the same time，find out as much as you can about your audience与此同时，要尽可能多地了解你的听众。Who are they ? What do they know about your subject ? 他们是谁?他们对你讲的主题有何了解? Do they have a common interest? 他们是否有共同的兴趣?Why are they coming to hear you speak?他们为什么来听你的演讲? Put yourself in
9、their shoes as you prepare your speech在你准备演讲时，要设身处地为他们着想。Ask yourself the purpose of your speech What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? 你要问问自己，你演讲的目的是什么? 是在什么场合?你为什么要演讲?Are you introducing another speaker? Moderating a discussion ? Giving a lecture? Convincing someone ? 你是在介绍另一位演讲的人，调解一次讨论，还是在讲
10、课，还是在劝说某人?There are many possible speaking roles , and each one has its own special characteristics讲话人的角色可以有许许多多，而且彼此各有自己的特点。Make sure you know into which category you fit你一定要搞清楚自己属于哪一类。Dont spoil your speech by confusing one speaking role with another不要把一种讲话的角色和另一种角色弄混而使自己的演讲砸锅。Let us suppose that
11、you have been asked to introduce the main speaker at a meeting让我们假设，你要在会上介绍一位主讲人。First，find out the most important and interesting things about the speaker首先就要了解清楚一些有关讲演者最重要和最有意思的事情。Then, summarize this information in a few words然后，用几句话把这些加以概括。It is all right to tell a joke if it is in good taste an
12、d will not embarrass the speaker如果格调高雅并且不使讲演者难堪，讲几句笑话也是可以的。And，most important,be brief最重要的是简短。Remember，you are not the main speaker；you are introducing the main speaker记住，你不是主讲人，而是在介绍主讲人。If you are a moderator， you should begin by giving a quick introduction of the people on the panel假如你是一个主持人，你应该先简
13、短介绍在座的人员。After that，you should try to keep the discussion running smoothly， and you should try to focus on the connections between the speakers之后，你应该保持讨论的顺利进行，重点放在演讲人之间的内容衔接上面。Keep yourself in the background Dont talk too much， and dont cut in你要站在暗处，不要说太多，也不要插话。Be skillful and considerate还要有技巧，考虑要周到
14、。If you are giving a lecture or explaining an idea， gather as many facts as you can on your subject假如你在上课或在解释一个概念，你要收集有关这一主题的材料，越多越好。Spend plenty of time doing your research你要花大量时间进行研究。Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow然后花大量的时间组织材料，以使你的
15、演讲清楚和易于理解。Use as many examples as possible，and use pictures, charts or graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly如果例子和图表有助于你更清楚地阐明你的观点的话、就尽可能多地采用。Never forget your audience永远也不要忘记你的听众，Dont talk over their heads，and dont talk down to them不要讲得太深，也不要讲得太浅，Treat your audience with respect要尊重你的听众。They will appreciate your thoughtfulness他们对你周到细心的准备是会非常欣赏的。If you are trying to sell something， you will need to convince your audience如果你在设法进行销
