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1、MedicalEnglishInfectiousDiseasesPPTcourseware目录OverviewofInfectiousDiseasesIntroductiontoCommonInfectiousDiseasesSymptomsanddiagnosisofinfectiousdiseases目录TreatmentandnursingofinfectiousdiseasesTheApplicationofMedicalEnglishinInfectiousDiseases01OverviewofInfectiousDiseasesDefinitionInfectiousdiseas
2、esarecausedbymicroorganismssuchasviruses,bacteria,fungi,andparasitesthatinvadethebodyandcauseharmClassificationInfectiousdiseasescanbeclassifiedaccordingtothetypeofmicrobiologythatcausesthedisease,themodeoftransmission,andtheseverityofthesymptomsDefinitionandclassificationThetransmissionroutesofinfe
3、ctiousdiseasesDirectcontacttransmissionContactwiththebodyfluidsorsecretsofanaffectedpersoncanspreadthediseaseDirectcontacttransmissionContactwithobjectsorsurfacescoordinatedbythebodyfluidsorsecretsofanaffectedpersoncanspreadthediseaseAirbornetransmissionEffectsthatcanbetransmittedthroughtheair,sucha
4、smeasuresandchickenboxVectorbonetransmissionEffectstransmittedbyvectors,suchasmosquitoesandtickets,thatbitandtransmitthediseaseVacationVacanciescanpreventsomeinfectiousdiseasesbystimulatingtheimmunesystemtoproduceantibioticsagainstthemicroorganismsIsolationaffectedindividualsandqualifyingtheircontac
5、tscanpreventthespreadofthediseaseGoodhygienepracticessuchashandlingandinfectioncanreducethespreadofinfectiousdiseasesSurveillancesystemscanmonitorthespreadofinfectiousdiseasesandprovideearlywarningforbreakthroughsIsolationandquarantineSanitationandhygieneSurveillanceandmonitoringPreventionandcontrol
6、ofinfectiousdiseases02IntroductiontoCommonInfectiousDiseasesCommoncoldisaverycommoninfectiondiseasecausedbyvirusesItcommonlyoccursintheautumnandwinter,andischaracterizedbynasalcongestion,cough,fever,andothersymptomsThecommoncoldiscommonlyself-limitingandcanberelievedbyrestinganddrinkingplentyofwater
7、CommoncoldVSInfluenzaisaseasonalinfectiondiseasecausedbytheInfluenzavirusItischaracterizedbyrecentonset,highfever,chills,headache,musclepain,cough,andothersymptomsInmultiplecases,itcanleadtopneumoniaandevendeathVacationisthemosteffectivewaytopreventinfluenzaInfluenzaHeritagereferstotheinflationofthe
8、livercausedbyvariousreasonsItismainlycausedbyviruses,alcohol,drugs,autoimmunediseases,andotherfactorsThesymptomsofdiseasesarefatigue,jaundice,dominantpaint,andothersymptomsHepatitiscanbecuredinmostcases,butsomecasesmayleadtolivercancerorlivercancerHepatitisPulmonarytuberculosisisacommoninfectiondise
9、asecausedbyMycobacteriumtuberculosisItischaracterizedbypersistentcough,fever,nightsweats,weightloss,andothersymptomsPulmonarytuberculosisistransmittedthroughtheairandcanbecuredbyearlytreatmentwithantibioticsPulmonarytuberculosisSexuallytransmitteddiseasesareagroupofdiseasestransmittedthroughsexualco
10、ntactThecommonsequentiallytransmitteddiseasesincludesymmetris,gonorrhea,chlamydia,trichomoniasis,andhumanpapillomavirus(HPV)Thesymptomsofsequentiallytransmitteddiseasesvarydependingonthespecificdisease,butoftenincludegeneticulcers,itting,painduringurination,andothersymptomsEarlydiagnosisandtreatment
11、areessentialtopreventthespreadofthesediseasesSexuallytransmitteddiseases03Symptomsanddiagnosisofinfectiousdiseases0102FederalAcommonsymptomofmanyinfectiousdiseases,overcanbeaccommodatedbychildren,sweating,andweaknessCoughAhackingcoughorpersistentcoughmaybeasignofrespiratoryinfectionssuchaspneumoniao
12、rbronchitisDiarraWaterorbloodDiarracanbeasymptomofgastrointestinalinfectionscausedbybacteria,viruses,orparasitesSkinrashesRashes,bumps,orblistersontheskincanindicateinfectionssuchasmeasures,chickenboxes,orshinglesFatigueandmuscleachesThesesymptomsarecommoninmanyaffecteddiseases,includingtheflusandmo
13、nosyllosis030405SymptomsanddeclarationsofinfectiousdiseasesLabtestsBloodtests,urinetests,andculturesofbodyfluidscanhelpidentifythepresenceofmicroorganismsthatcauseinfectiousdiseasesImagingstudiesX-rays,CTscans,andMRIscanscanhelpdiagnoseinfectionsinthelungs,abdomen,andothertissuesPhysicalexaminationA
14、throughphysicalexaminationcanprovideincludestothepresenceofinfectiousdiseases,includingcheckingforfever,rash,orswellinglymphnodesSymptomhistoryAdetailedhistoryofsymptomsandtheirdurationcanhelpdoctorsdiagnoseinfectiousdiseasesDiagnosticmethodsforinfectiousdiseasesInterpretationLabtestsandimagingstudi
15、esoftenprovidevaluableinformationaboutthetypeandseverityofaninfectiousdiseaseHowever,theresultsmustbeinterpretedinthecontextofthepatientssymptomsandoverallhealthstatusPrecautionsTopreventthespreadofinfectiousdiseases,doctorsrecommendedthatpatientsisolatethemselvesfromotherswhensymptomsarepresentAddi
16、tionally,properhandhygieneandrespiratoryetiquetteareessentialtopreventthespreadofgermsInterpretationandprecautionsofdiagnosticresults04TreatmentandnursingofinfectiousdiseasesDrugtherapyAntifungaldrugsareusedtotreatfungalinfectionsTheycankillorinhibitthegrowthoffengiAntifungaldrugsAntibioticsarethemostcommonlyuseddrugstotreatinfectiousdiseasesTheycankillorinhibitthegrowthofbacteriaAntibioticsAntiviraldrugsareusedtotreatviralinfectionsTheycaninterferewiththereplicationofvirusesorblocktheirattachme
