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1、仁爱版初中英语语法大全一.名词I.名词的种类:专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名，可数名词/、口数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：1 .规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:厂规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, t
2、hief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以车有音字母加y结尾的名词，变y 为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专 有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅#字 母加-o结尾的 名词一
3、M 加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths,month-months, path-p
4、aths,2 .不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下:规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, sta
5、ff5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整 ft）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关）,forces（车队）,times（ 时代），spirits（情绪），drinks（饮料），sands（沙滩），papers（ 文件报纸），manners（礼貌）， 100ks（外表），brains（头脑智力）,greens（青菜），ruins（废墟）表 示”某
6、国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman吉尾的改 为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词义为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部 分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women s
7、ingers, men servantsIII.名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1.所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加Sthe boy s father, Jack s book, her son-in- law s photo,复数名 词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother,不规则复数名词后 加sthe children s toys, women s rights,以s结尾的人名所有格加S或卜Dickens no
8、vels, Charles s job, the Smiths house表小各自的所启美东时，各名词末 尾均须加SJapan s and America s problems, Jane s and Mary s bikes表小共有的所启关系时在最后一 词末加SJapan and America s problems, Jane and Mary s father表示某人家店铺，所有格the doctor s, the barber s, the后名词省略tailor s, my uncle s2.所有格的用法:1表示时间today s newspaper, five weeks holid
9、ay2表示自然现象the earth s atmosphere, the tree s branches3表小国家城巾等地方N名词the country s plan, the world s population, China s industry4表示工作群体the ship s crew, majority s view, the team s victory5表示度量衡及价值a mile s journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关 系的名词the life s time, the play s plot7某些固定词组a bird
10、s eye view, a stone s throw, at one wit s end（不知所措）3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西： the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed二.冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an）,定冠词（the）,和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法:1类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine tha
11、t can fly.2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3 表小 每，相当于 every, oneWe study eight hours a day.4 表小 相同 相the sameWe are nearly of an age.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或 当某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry
12、, have a walk, many a time7 用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a big one.用于 so(as, too, how)+ 形容词射后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠词的用法:1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过 的人或
13、事Would you mind opening the door?4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表 十类人the reach, the living, the woundec6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高 级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群 岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表
14、示发明物的单数名词前The compasswas invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，AT世纪的某个 年代in the 1990 s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示 时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.III.零冠词的用法:1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名 疝名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2 名词前后 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?Q季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日二餐3刖March, Sunday, National Day, spring4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5学科，谛言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6 与by连用表示交通工
