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1、研究方案for Joint Program博士 博士拟研究方案NameSurname First nameGenderDate of birth (yy/mm/dd)CollegeMajorDomestic supervisorHosting foreign countryHosting foreign institutionHosting faculty or departmentHosting foreign supervisorArea of researchDuration of studymonths (from to )RESEARCH PROJECTTITLE : Catalyt
2、ic conversion of biomass to biochemicalsBACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT:The 21st century is an era with a rapidly declining supply of petroleum and chemical resources.The economic growth around the globe is increasingly driving more need for energy and chemicals.The Statistics of
3、 BP energy of the worldprovides an authritive analysis of the situation of current resources in petroleum and chemicals.The petroleum reserves on the Earth can only sustain its production for about another 40 years; and those of coal and natural gas can sustain for another, respectively, 65 and 155
4、years.Currently, most countries in the world suffer from a shortage of energy resources.Renewable energy are especially attractive alternative.The utilization of fossil fuel results in green house effect and environmental pollution.Therefore, the e_ploitation of renewable energy in a large scale has
5、 already bee a crucial part of energy strategies of every nation for future use.The conference of environment and development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 made the sustainable development one of agendas in the 21st century.To the question in Rio declaration, the US Chemical Industry made plans for
6、 from the time being to the year 2022.Reports about catalysis propose that renewable biochemical matters can be used as feeds, especially sugar, cellulose and other carbohydrates that can be used in the production of chemicals with high added value.Biochemical matters are abundant.For e_le, glucose,
7、 fructose, cellulose and etc, are renewable and, as feed, as carbon neutral in green house gas emission.They are potential alternative resources and are e_pected to play an important role in chemical production in the future.In recent years, investigation in this field has gradually bee a hot topic
8、in all major research institutions, but the need for new technologies and the cost of production are still unresolved for broad utilization of biochemical resources.Chemical processing can potentially address these issues.Biochemical raw materials undergo conversion by catalysis, which can decrease
9、the cost of production and make the utilization of resources more energy efficient. REVIEW OF THE CURRENT RESEARCHES IN CHINA AND ABROAD:In China, in the field of catalytic transformations of biomass, KouYuans group of Beijing University is famous for their study on catalytic conversion of cellulose
10、 to C6-alcohol.Their work was published in J.A.C.S.in 20_61.Li He_ings group of Shanghai Normal University has also done some e_cellent researches on hydrogenation of glucose.They found a series of high activity amorphous alloy catalysts, and some papers have been published in the journals such as J
11、.Catal, Appl.Catal, and Catal.Today 2,3,4. At present, there are several research teams engage in the study on the catalytic conversion of biomass all over the world, of which, two research groups in this field have done outstanding work, including James A.Dumesics Group of American University of Wi
12、sconsin and Claude Moreaus Group of the Organic catalysis and Catalytic materials Laboratory in Montpellier, France. 5-hydro_ymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important biochemical and petrochemical intermediates.HMF and itsensuing 2,5- disubstituted furan derivatives have great potential to be substitute
13、s for the petrochemical materials.They can be used in the production of plastics, fine chemicals, antifungal agents, pharmaceuticals and even can be utilized to produce liquid alkanes and liquid fuels.The PNNL uses ionic liquids as a new type of sugar-soluble solvent to provide a new reaction system
14、 for the catalytic conversion of sugars.Through a series of tests on inorganic salts, they find an important catalyst (chromium() chloride) that can catalyze the conversion of fructose and glucose to HMF with high yield.Through modification and modulation of the reaction phases, James A.Dumesics Gro
15、up designed a biphase reaction system.Through the modulation ratio of DMSO, MIBK, PVP, and water, they obtain a high yield of HMF from fructose, glucose and even some polysaccharides such as sucrose and inulin.They are also trying to industrialize their product.Claude Moreaus group, using different
16、types of ionic liquids and cation e_change resin as catalysts, also find a high yield of HMF9,10. Some other labs also do their utmost to facilitate the utilization of biomass, for instance, Carlo Carlinis group of Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry in Italy.They have done researches on the dehydration of fructose over vanadium which has good activity 11. CURRENT RESEARCH STAGE OF THE APPLICANT
