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1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题She is most frugal in matters of business, but in her private life she reveals a streak of （prodigality）.问题1选项A.antipathyB.wastefulnessC.virtuosityD.equanimity【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：她在生意上极其节俭，但在私生活上却挥霍无度。A选项antipathy“反感，厌恶”；B选项wastefulness“浪费，挥霍无度”；C选项virtuosity“精湛
2、技巧”；D选项equanimity“平静，镇定”。根据句意可知，prodigality和frugal意思相反，prodigality意为“浪费，慷慨”，选项B与之意思相近，代入符合语境。2. 单选题Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Few people can identify its texture.B.Few people can describe it precisely.C.Its real value is open to interpretation.D.Its impo
3、rtance is often over-estimated.问题2选项A.It has never seen any change.B.It has much to do with color.C.It is a well-protected government secret.D.It is a subject of study by many forgers.问题3选项A.People had little faith in paper money.B.They could last longer in circulation.C.It predicted their value wou
4、ld increase.D.They were more difficult to counterfeit.问题4选项A.The stabilization of the dollar value.B.The issuing of government securities.C.A gold standard for American currency.D.A steady appreciation of the U.S. dollar.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】Recording ThreeVirtually every American can recogni
5、ze a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. 22 But few people indeed can accurately describe the worlds most powerful, important currency.The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; 23 the exact composition of the paper
6、and ink is a closely guarded government secret. Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at a pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief life span. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 month
7、s.The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “taler”, the name for the worlds most important currency in the 16th century. The taler was a silver coin first minted in 1580 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the histor
8、y of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, 24 people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency. Interest-bearing bank notes were i
9、ssued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens old fears of
10、 devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the twelve Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The governme
11、nt keeps a steady supply of approximately two billion bills in circulation at all times.Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. 25 American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency. However, for the present, the
12、American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as a confirmation in the form of government securities.22. What does the speaker say about the American dollar bill?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币，说话人说了什么？说话人说到，很少人能准
13、确地描述（美元纸币）这一世界上最有影响力、最重要的货币。B选项中的describe it precisely是录音原文中accurately describe的同义替换，因此B选项“很少有人能准确地描述它”正确。A选项“很少有人能辨别它的质地”表述错误，录音中提及很多人能通过美元纸币的声音或质感（texture）辨别美元；C选项“美元的实际价值有待商榷”和D选项“它的重要性经常被高估”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。23. What does the speaker say about the exact composition of the American dollar bill?【试题
14、答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币具体的物质成分，说话人说了什么？说话人指出，美元纸币纸和墨的成分，是美国政府严格保守的秘密，C选项“这是政府严格保守的秘密”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它从来都没改变过”，录音中并没有讨论美元纸币物质成分的变化，因此可排除；B选项“它和颜色的关联很大”，录音中没有表明美元纸币的物质成分与颜色有关，因此可排除；D选项“它是许多伪造者研究的课题”录音中没有信息提及，因此可排除。24. Why did the new American government mint only coins for common currency?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题
15、目问为什么新美国政府只用硬币作为流通的货币？录音提到，美国宪法签署生效的当时，人们并不尊重纸币，由于民众不信任纸币，新政府就只用硬币作为流通的货币，A选项“人们不太相信纸币”符合录音原文，因此正确。B选项“硬币在流通中可以使用得更久”；C选项“新美国政府预测硬币的价值会上涨”和D选项“硬币更难伪造”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。25. What have generations of American politicians argued for?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问几代美国政客一直以来都在争论什么？录音提到，美国政客几代人以来都在讨论赞不赞成为美国货币设立金本位制。因此C选项“美国货币的金本位制”正确。A选项“美元价值的稳定”和B选项“政府证券的发行”在录音中虽有信息提及，但它们均不是美国政客几代人一直在讨论的问题；D选项“美元的稳定升值”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。3. 单选题Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.B.Not playing a role in a workplace revol
