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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题现在的这十年中，有个一直使人感到进退维谷的问题就是：现代教育究竟应是通才 教育还是专才教育。一些大学要求所有学生都学习跨越广泛领域的共核课程，采取的是通才教育的方法。但有鉴于当今信息爆炸和学生的多文化性，继续调整他们的课程，以满足学生更为急迫的职业需求，采取的是专才教育的方法。而由于没有设置共核课程， 学生往往缺乏有效参与到一体化社会中所必需的共享知识。【答案】One of the dilemmas of this decade has been whether to approach modem educa
2、tion in terms of the generalist or the specialist. Some universities require all the students to take a common core of courses from a broad range of disciplines, appealing to the generalist approach to education. Yet, choosing the core courses in light of todays explosion in information and diverse
3、multicultural student populations has not been an easy task. How does one select what it is that everyone should know? Other universities continue to tailor their courses to the more immediate professional needs of their students, appealing to the specialist approach to education. But without a core
4、 curriculum, students often lack the shared knowledge necessary to participate effectively in an integrated society.2. 翻译题研究人员称，远程办公等弹性工作模式有益于身体健康。研究人员发现，如果人们有条件在家工作，压缩工作周的时间，那他们就可以选择更为健康的生活方式，锻炼身体的机会增多，睡眠也会更好。可能弹性工作模式让人们能有更充裕的时间来实现健康的生活方式，或者是它让人 们能更好的安排自己的时间。弹性工作制最初是为了帮助人们（尤其是女性）同时兼顾工作和家庭，但有关证据表明这显
5、然不仅仅是女性的问题。研究人员对一家大型医药公司职员的“健康风险评估”进行了分析，职员涉及仓储， 生产和管理等多个不同的岗位。一名研究人员说：“这不仅仅针对管理层，而是涉及到公司各个岗位的员工。”他说， 该研究能让卫生部门和相关机构认识到，给员工更多的自由其实能带来很多益处。但他也说，要评估弹性工作制的长期益处还需要开展进一步研究。【答案】A flexible work life such as telecommuting is good for our health, researchers said. They found that if people have the ability t
6、o work at home and to compress work weeks, they are more likely to make healthier lifestyle choices, to exercise more and to sleep better.Perhaps it gives people the time to fit in healthier lifestyle into their everyday regimen or maybe it just enables people to better manage their time. While the
7、primary purpose behind the flexibility movement was to help people, especially women, combine work and family, evidence suggests this is clearly not only a womens issue.The researchers analyze Health Risk Appraisals from employees in jobs ranging from warehouse and production workers to executives a
8、t a large multinational pharmaceutical company. Its not just about management, says one researcher. Its about people in every position in the company. He said the study could help health departments and agencies realize that giving workers more freedom could have many benefits. But, he added, furthe
9、r research was needed to assess the long-term benefits. 3. 翻译题To our view, the future belongs to those who will know how to perceive the mysterious borderline which separates the ugly from the beautiful. This philosophy has dominated most of the great civilizations of the past and is fundamentally o
10、ur own western way of looking at the world.I am confident that with a better understanding of each other, there will be also a corresponding modification of our attitudes toward the achievements of the Japanese people.It is only through stronger ties among all of us, through the realization of a tru
11、ly triangular world of cooperative effort in which the United States, Europe, and Japan will be able to reinforce their respective ties, that one will be capable of planning the general scenario of the 21st century, and this within a broader picture of international cooperation among all civilized p
12、eople of this planet.【答案】我们认为，未来属于那些知道如何感知美和丑之间的神秘界线的人。在过去的大部分时间里，这种观点一直是主流，而且也是我们西方看待世界的主要方式。我相信，如果我们能更好地彼此理解，我们对待日本人民取得的成就的态度就会发生相应的改变。只有通过我们之间的密切合作，在美国、日本和欧洲之间建立真正的三角合作关系， 加强彼此的联系，我们才能规划21世纪的宏伟蓝图，要做到这一点，需要这个星球上所有文明民族的共同合作。4. 翻译题与群众不同，知识分子喜欢推理，对事实感兴趣。他们思想上批判的习性，使他们成为那种很能蛊惑大多数人的宣传的抵制者。知识分子是那种重证据，厌恶
13、不合乎逻辑和谬论的人。他们把过于简单化看作是思想上犯错误的根源，他们不喜欢口号、绝对肯定和总的概括，而这些恰恰是宣传家惯用的手法。在这个人口加速过度增长，组织加速过度膨胀，以及出现了更为有效的广泛宣传工具的时代里，我们如何能保存个性的完整，又如何能再坚持个人的价值呢？这是一个至今可提出并可能得到较好的回答的问题。再过一代，寻找答案可能为时已晚，而在那个未来的令人窒息的集体风气中，可能压根就想不起提出这样的问题了。【答案】Unlike the mass, the intellectuals like to reason and are interested in facts. With crit
14、ical thinking habits, they have become leaders who resist propagandas which confuse most people. The clerisy lay stress on evidence, and are not too ready to believe illogicality and fallacy. They consider oversimplification as the root of thought to make a mistake. Meanwhile the academicians dislik
15、e slogan, absolute affirmation and gross generalization, which are a propagandists usual measures. Therefore, how can we keep up integrity of personality, and how to continue upholding the value of individual in face of overpopulation and overexpansion of organizations as well as many more effective
16、 and comprehensive propaganda tools? Up to now, it is a question that can be proposed and given a good answer to but it will be too late to find out an answer to such question for the next generation in the future where the stifling collective atmosphere prevails, descendants may not think of such question at all.5. 翻译题很多人认为没有兄弟姐妹的孩子很幸运，因为他们可以得到物质享受和别人的注意。但是想一想独生子女没有隐私-父母总是感觉自己有权知
