《2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第99期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第99期（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence （AI） predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving
2、anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. 35. Never mind something as complex as conversations the most powerful computers strugule to reliably recognize the shape of an object the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers t
3、hink they know where the held went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a c
4、loser look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins
5、. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brains neural, network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conr
6、ad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors”, he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” Speci
7、fically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Ri
8、ght now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1. The author s
9、ays that the powerful computers of today（ ）.2. The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from（ ）.3. Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to（ ）.4. Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?5. Which of the following is closet in meaning to th
10、e underlined phrase “the only game in town” （para.4）?问题1选项A.are capable of reliably recognizing the Shape of an objectB.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language问题2选项A.the sh
11、ift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs.C.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child.D.the efforts made by scientist in the study of
12、 the similarities between transistors and brain cells问题3选项A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence developed in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought问题4选项A.It has created a sensatio
13、n among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.问题5选项A.The only
14、 approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.B.The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.C.The only area worth studying in computer science.D.The only game they would like to play in town.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段Never mind something a
15、s complex as conversations,the most powerful computers strugule to reliably recognize the shape of an object the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid. 更不用说像会话这样复杂的事情，最强大的计算机现在正竭力地识别物体的形状，这对于10个月大的孩子来说是最基本的任务。可知D项“最强大的计算机仍然不能用人类的语言与人类交流。”正确。A项“计算机能够识别物体的形状”与原文不符，原文提到计算机正竭力地去做这件事。B项文中未提及，C
16、项“现在的计算机与50年代的计算机表现不一样”，文中提到50年代人们预测到20世纪末计算机能做家务，能与人交流，但如今计算机仍然离与人类交流还有很长的路要走。故C项不正确。2.推理判断题。由第二段“A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the held went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to
