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1、2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Your advice would be（ ）valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end.问题1选项A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选
2、项符合语境。句意：你的建议对他来说是非常宝贵的，因为他现在束手无策。2. 单选题Some women（ ）a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.问题1选项A.must makeB.would makeC.should have madeD.could have made【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。must do表示对现在的肯定的推测；would do表对将来的推测；should have done表示过去本应该做某事却未做
3、，表达一种责备或内疚的语气；could have done表示过去本能够做某事却未做，表示对过去事情的假设。此句是对过去情况的一种推测，因此选D。句意：有些女性本可以在工作中挣到高薪，而不是呆在家里，但她们决定为了家庭而不去工作。3. 单选题You stare at waterfall for a minute or two, and then shift your gaze to its surroundings. What you now see appears to drift upward. These optical illusions occur because the brain
4、 is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the bodys sensors and interpreting what must be happening that your brain must have moved, not the other; that downward motions is now normal, so a change from it must now be perceived as upward motion.The sensors that make this magic are
5、of two kinds. Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burning ten miles away.Color vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called co
6、nes. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, a third to blue.Rods and cones send their messages pulsing an average 20 to 25 times, per second along the optic nerve. We see an image fo
7、r a fraction of a second longer than it actually appears. In movies, reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking our eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture.Like apparent motion, color vision is also subject to unusual effects. When day gives way to n
8、ight, twilight brings what the poet T.S. Eliot called “the violet hour” A light levels fall, the rods become progressively less responsive. Rods are most sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of blue and green, and they impart a strange vividness to the gardens blue flowers.However, look at a white s
9、hirt during the reddish light of sunset, and youll still see it in its “true” color white, not red. Our eyes are constantly comparing an object against its surroundings. They therefore observe the effect of a shift in the color of illuminating on both, and adjust accordingly.The eyes can distinguish
10、 several million graduations of light and shade of color. Each waking second they flash tens of millions of pieces of information to the brain, which weaves them incessantly into a picture of the world around us.Yet all this is done at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors, called the retina,
11、about as wide and as thick as a postage stamp. As the Renaissance inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci wrote in wonder, “Who would believe that so small a space could contain the images of all the universe?”1.Visual illusions often take place when the image of reality is（ ）.2.The visual sensor that
12、 is capable of distinguishing shades of color is called（ ）.3.The retina send pulses to the brain（ ）.4.Twenty-four still photographs are made into a continuous moving picture just because（ ）.5.The authors purpose in writing the passage lies in（ ）.问题1选项A.matched to six to seven million structures call
13、ed conesB.confused in the bodys sensors of both rods and conesC.interpreted in the brain as what must be the caseD.signaled by about 120 million rods in the eye问题2选项A.conesB.color visionC.rodsD.spectrum问题3选项A.in short wavelengthsB.as color picturesC.by a ganglion cellD.along the optic nerve问题4选项A.th
14、e image we see usually stays longer than it actually appearsB.we see an object in comparison with its surroundingsC.the eyes catch million pieces of information continuouslyD.rods and cones send messages 20 to 25 times a second问题5选项A.showing that we sometimes are deceived by our own eyesB.informing
15、us about the different functions of the eye organsC.regretting that we are too slow in the study of eyesD.marveling at the great work done by the retina【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the bodys sensors and interpreting what must be happening（这些视觉错觉之所以出现，是因为大脑不断地将身体的信号与现实情况相匹配，并解释即将发生的事情）可知C选项“在大脑中解释即将发生的事情”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rai
