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1、2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool
2、was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of
3、different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of lightfrom the sun itself down to a humble match burningwill give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however,
4、is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a p
5、articular effect on certain living cells. It is new possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through: the eyeball. No knives no stitches, no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder.Operations which once
6、 left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now he tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Pe
7、rhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can he treated medically.1.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that（ ） .2.The
8、 laser beam is so strong because（ ） .3.Surgeons can now carry out operations which （ ） .4.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that （ ） .问题1选项A.medical help became available for industrial workersB.the study of art went through a complete revolutionC.more and more surgeons began using
9、 surgical instrumentsD.mans whole approach to surgery changed completely问题2选项A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fittingD.it sends out heat in many different directions问题3选项A.can be performed success
10、fully only on the human eye.B.result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC.are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in very little damage to the patients themselves问题4选项A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB.surgery is likely to improve considerablyC.w
11、e shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世纪60年代，一种新工具被开发出来，它首先对军队和工业有很大的实用价值，同时也及时地使手术发生了革命性的改变。这种工具就是激光。选项中只有选项D符合原文。2.根据第二段的最后两句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。这意味着，本来不比普通电灯泡产生的能量多的光，在集中成为针尖大小的光束后，就会变得非常强
12、。选项A符合原文。3.根据第三段最后一句“ No knives no stitches, no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder.”不用手术刀，不用缝针，没有不必要的伤害真正的外科奇迹。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容可知，也许有些癌症可以用激光治疗，这只是作者的推测，并没有真正实现，所以选项A和D错误；将来我们可以看到越来越多需要用药物治疗的病可以用激光治疗，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确；只有选项B符合原文。2. 单选题Robert Spring, a 19th century forger, was so good at his profes
13、sion that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he prospected by selling his small but genuine collection of early US autographs. Discovering hi
14、s ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lessen the chance of detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and circulation.Forgers have a hard time selling their produ
15、cts. A forger cant approach a respectable buyer but must deal with people who dont have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.In spring
16、s time, right after the Civil War. Britain was still fond of the Southern states, so Spring invented a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General “Stonewall” Jackson. For several years Miss Fannys financial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging
