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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题I have suggested that self-actualizers can be defined as people who are no longer motivated by the needs for safety, belongingness, love，status, and self-respect because these needs have already been satisfied. Why then should a love-gratified person fall in love
2、?（1）Certainly not for the same reasons that motivate the love-deprived person, who falls in love because he needs and craves love, because he lacks it, and is impelled to make up this deficiency.Self-actualizers have no serious deficiencies to make up and must now be looked upon as freed for growth，
3、maturation, development，in a word, for the fulfillment and actualization of their highest individual and species nature. What such people do emanates from growth and expresses it without striving.（2）They love because they are loving persons，in the same way that they are kind, honest, natural, i.e.,
4、because it is their nature to be so spontaneous, as a strong man is strong without willing to be, as a rose emits perfume, as a cat is graceful, or as a child is childish. Such epiphenomena are as little motivated as is physical growth or psychological maturation.There is little of the trying, strai
5、ning, or striving in the loving of the self-actualizer that so dominates the loving of the average person. In philosophical language, it is an aspect of being as well as of becoming and ban be called B-love, that, love for the Being of the other.（3）A paradox seems to be created at first sight by the
6、 fact that self-actualizing people maintain a degree of individuality, of detachment, and autonomy that seems at first glance to be incompatible with the kind of identification and love that I have been describing above. But this is only an apparent paradox. （4）As we have seen, the tendencies to det
7、achment and to need identification and to profound interrelationships with another person can coexist in healthy people. The fact is that self-actualizing people are simultaneously the most individualistic and the most altruistic and social and loving of all human beings. The fact that we have in ou
8、r culture put these qualities at opposite ends of a single continuum is apparently a mistake that must now be corrected. These qualities go together and the dichotomy is resolved in self-actualizing people.（5）We find in our subjects a healthy selfishness, a great self-respect, a disinclination to ma
9、ke sacrifices without good reason.【答案】1. 当然和那些缺爱的人爱上别人的原因不一样。他爱上别人是因为他需要爱，他渴望爱；因为他缺乏爱，所以他必须要弥补这个缺失。2. 他们去爱是因为他们是有爱的人，正如同他们善良、诚实、自然一样，这些都是他们自然流露出的天性。一个强壮的人无须刻意追求强壮，正如玫瑰散发芳香，猫咪生性优雅，而孩童天然单纯。3. 初看之下自相矛盾之处在于：自我实现的人要确保某种程度的个性、超脱和独立自主，而在看上去似乎和我上面一直在描述的那种爱和认同感的特点不相吻合。4. 如我们所知，在健康的人身上，超脱的性情、需要认同感的偏好以及想和另一个人有
10、深度关系的倾向是可以共存的。5. 我们发现，在我们的试验对象身上有一种健康的自我中心主义、一种伟大的自我尊重，以及一种对动不动就自我牺牲的厌恶。2. 单选题The habit of travelling by air is becoming more _.问题1选项A.prominentB.prevalentC.prudentD.precious【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. prominent 重要的，显著的 B. prevalent 流行的，普遍存在的C. prudent 谨慎的，慎重的 D. precious 宝贵的，珍贵的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】空格处做表语来说明“The
11、 habit of travelling by air（乘飞机旅行的习惯）”正变得怎么样。此处应该是说大家都习惯于乘飞机旅行，这一现象变得越来越普遍。prevalent指在某一特定地点或时期普遍、常见的，因此B选项prevalent“流行的，普遍存在的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项prominent“重要的，显著的”指某人或某物非常著名或显眼；C选项prudent“谨慎的，慎重的”指具有谨慎的良好判断力；D选项precious“宝贵的，珍贵的”指某物非常有价值，十分重要；均不能和“habit（习惯）”进行搭配。【句意】乘飞机旅行的习惯变得越来越普遍了。3. 单选题When Chelsea
12、caught a （ ） disease, none of his friends were allowed to visit him.问题1选项A.conspicuousB.contagiousC.consequentD.captivating【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。conspicuous “显著的；显而易见的”；contagious “感染性的”；consequent “随之发生的”；captivating “迷人的；有魅力的”。句意：Chelsea得了_病，他的朋友们都不允许来看望他。根据后半句可知Chelsea得的是传染病。因此选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Studies
13、have proved that smart people tend to be smart across different kinds of（ ） .问题1选项A.institutionsB.occasionsC.charactersD.realms【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。institution “机构，制度”；occasion “场合，机会”；character “性格，角色”；realm “领域，范围”。句意为：研究表明，聪明的人容易在各个不同的领域都表现得很聪明。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题What is perhaps of great importance is the
14、fact that she challenged the decision of her employers and won the case（ ） .问题1选项A.in the extremeB.to the pointC.against all oddsD.around the comer【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。in the extreme “非常，极度”；to the point “ 中肯，切题”；against all odds “困难重重”；around the comer “即将到来”。语境为：最重要的或许在于，她敢于质疑雇主的决定，并且克服重重困难最终获得胜利。选项C符合
15、句意。6. 单选题These are students who, at some stage of their undergraduate careers, leave class, either （ ）, or because they are asked to do so.问题1选项A.voluntarilyB.selectivelyC.compulsorilyD.necessarily【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。voluntarily “自动地”；selectively “有选择地”；compulsorily “强制地；强迫地”；necessarily “必要地；必定地”。句意：在大学学习生涯的某个阶段，一些学生或_或被迫离开课堂。根据句意可知选项A符合题意。7. 单选题If gender conflicts continue at their current rate, my partner gloomily observed, men may fade into extinction and women will manage fine without them. What
