初中英语语法复习讲义第一讲一、语法重点1 动词 be 的用法 2 人称代词和物主代词的用法3 可数名词的单复数 4 名词所有格的用法二、语法解析1 •动词 be (is,am,are)的用法:口诀:我用am,你用are, is跟着他她它.单数名词用is,复数名词全用are变否定,更容 易,be后not加上去变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃1) I am+... 例: I am a student . I am a boy.2) You are+. 例: You are my good friend.3) She(He, It) is +. 例: She is a good girl. It is so big.4) We (You, They) are +. 例 We are in Class 138,Grade 7. You are good students.易错点:1.常见错误:I is, You am, She are2、当只有第一人称和第二人称或第三人称时应该把第二人称或第三人称放在前 例如:you and I, Tom and I 当第二人称和第三人称放在一起时把第二人称放在前面,例如: you and Tom 当三者都有时,排序为: 2 3 1请用 am is are 填空 小练习 Where Ann ? She here.How old you ? I thirteen. you Mr Read ? Yes, I .What your name? My name Ann.2. 英语人称代词和物主代词称人 对人的称呼。
人称代词:表示'我”、“你”、“他”等的词,叫做人称代词人称代词有人称、数和格的变化:人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格形容词性物主代词和名词性物主 代词其人称和数的变化见下表类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她它)们 的I. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语.Eg: a. Could you help me? They are going to the park with her.II.物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词. 形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象.名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用,后面不能再跟名词.Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my school)b. Whose book is that? It's hers. (=her book)c. Those aren't our books. Ours are on the floor. Those books are theirs.注意:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词一、 填空Where is __your___ (you) book? I can't find __yours (your book)?Those __ __children ( child ) are my_ ( I ) father's students.Thanks for helping __me ( I ).This is my (I) book. That is yoursMr Yang is our___(we) teacher.__He (him) is from Beijing. ___He (his)teaches___us___(our) English.The lady under the tree is ___my___(me) aunt.___She__(her) often sings with __her___(she) husband二、改错.1. My am his classmate.2. They all like I.3. This is not she pen.4. Our are the twins.5. These are they desks.6. Listen, her is singing a song.7. Who is he?---His my cousin.3. 可数名词的单复数英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物,它有可数和不可数之分。
所谓可数名词指 的就是在数量上可以计数,可以数出数量的事物;所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西可数名词在它之前可以加上冠词a/an而不可数名词前面是不可以直接加冠词的可数 名词有单复数之分名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律:a. —般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后 读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]b. 以 s・ x・ sh・ ch 结尾,加-es, 如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读 音: [iz]c. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es, 如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries ; 读音: [z]d. 以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es,如:knife-knives , thief-thieves;读音:[z]e. 以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况1 ) 有 生 命 的 +es 读 音 : [z] 如 : mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes potato- potatoes hero-heroes2)无生命的+s 读音:⑵女口: photo-photos radio-radiosf・ 不规则名词复数 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet 脚, tooth-teeth 牙齿,football foot ball除此之外,还有一部分名词单复数同形口: fish, deer鹿,sheep绵羊,works (工厂), means 手段, Swiss 瑞士人, Chinese 中国人, news 新闻, goods 商品 people-people 有一些名词则只有复数形式: trousers 裤子, pants 裤子, shorts 短裤 glasses 眼镜, compasses 圆规, scales 天平, pliers 钳子, clips 剪子某国人 的复数有三种类型:(1) Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加 s;( 2) Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman, German, 复数要把 man 变为 men; Frenchmen(3)其他各国人以-an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。
如:Americans, Australians, Indians等口诀记忆:中日不变,英法荷德变,印美奥国s加后面一、选择填空1. There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photosC. is a photo D. is photos2. This car made in Shanghai.A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans4. That's art book.A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already.A. two bread B. two breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. There some in the river 河流.A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish7. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches8. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth9. The meeting room is near the reading room.A. teacher B.teacher's C.teachers' D.teachers10. There are birds in that big tree.A. hundreds of B. five hundreds ofC. five hundred of D. hundred of 成百上千 five hundred watermelons4.名词所有格的用法一、 在名词尾加's 主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的空间和时间名词的所有格,如 the world's1. 单数名词词尾加“'s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“,s”。
例 the boy's bag 男孩的书包 men's room 男厕所2. 若名词已有复数词尾又是 s ,只加―'”例 the workers' struggle 工人们的斗争3. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词 例 the barber's 理发店 I am going to the Green's . 我要去格林家4. 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”;只有一个's,则表示“共有”例 John's and Mary's room(两间)there are John's and Mary's room.John and Mary's room(一间) this is John and Mary's room.5. 在复合名词或短语中, 's 加在最后一个词的词尾例 a month or two's absence6. 作为一个整体的词组,一般在最后一个词的词尾加's例 an hour and 。