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1、英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有一些（如下文中的句型、（12） 等，见圈码）很容易译错其主要原因在于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下： 1倍数增加（1）A is n times as great（long，much，）as B.（）A is n times greater （longer， more，）than B.（）A is n times the size （length， amount，）of B.()以上三句都应译为；A的大小（长度，数量，）是B的n倍或A比日大（长，多，）n-1倍. 例如：This boo
2、k is three times as long as （three times longer than，three times the length of ）that one，这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍（即长两倍）。注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than（as，of）B常被省去。（2）increase to n times（）increase n timesn-fold（）increase by n times（）increase by a factor of n（）以上四式均应译为：增加到n倍（或：增加n-1倍）。例如：The production of integrated circuit
3、s has been increased to three times as compared with last year。集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times。那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍（即提高1倍或2倍）。The drain voltage has been increased by a fac
4、tor of four.漏电压增加了3借（即增加到原来的4倍）。注：在这类句型中increase常被raise，grow，go/step up，multiply等词所替代。（3）There is a n-fold increase/growth应译为：增加n-倍（或增至n倍）。（）这个句型还有其它一些形式，如：A record high increase in value of four times was reported.据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。（4）double【增加1倍】，treble（增加2倍），quadruple（增加3倍）。()例如：The efficiency of t
5、he machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。(5)此外，英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法，如：A is as much （large，long，）again as B.【= A is twice as much （large，long，）as B.】（）应译为：A比B多（大，长，）1倍。A is half as much （large， 1ong，）again as B.【= A is one and a half times as much （large， 1ong，）as
6、B.】（11）应译为:A比B多（大，长）一半（即A是B的一倍半）。2、倍数减少（1）A is n times as small （light，slow，）as B.（12）A is n times smaller （lighter， slower，）than B.（13）以上两句均应译为：A的大小（重量，速度，）是B的1/n或A比B小（轻，慢，）（n-1）/n。例如：The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16（即比氧原子约轻1516）。This sort of membran
7、e is twice thinner than ordinary paper.这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半（即是普通纸厚度的12）。注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than/as B常被省去。（2）decrease n timesn一fold （14）decrease by n times（15）decrease by a factor of n（16）以上三式均译为：减少到1n或：减少（n-1）n。decrease常被reduce， shorten， goslow down等词替代。例如：Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened
8、3 times。新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了13（即缩短到23）。When the voltage is stepped up by ten times， the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times。电压升高9倍，电流强度便降低910（即90）。The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.该设备误差概率降低了4/5。（3）There is a n-fold decreasereduction应译为：减至1n或：减少（n一1）n。（17）这个句型还有其
9、它一些形式，如：A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed发现迅速减少到17。The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight；这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了12。从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出：与汉语不同的是，英语在表述或比较倍数时，无论使用什么句型（除了不含倍数词的again句型外）都包括基础倍数在内，因此都不是净增或净减n倍，而是净增或净减n-1倍。所以句型、表示的倍数增量=句型；句型(13)表示的倍数比差句型12，且decrease（
10、by） 3 times应译为“减少23”，而不是“减少34”。补充几个数量的表达方法A hundred and one factories = a lot of factoriesA long hundred 100多A long hour 足足1小时A small gross 十打（120个）A score 二十A decade 十At nine hundred hours 9：00Twenty odd = twenty and odd 二十多 口译长/难句子的理解与翻译一般来说，中国学生对于英语的理解，是以句子为单位的。所以，能否理解好句子是阅读和翻译的重要基础。但这一点是学生经常忽视或存
11、在误解的。我们认为，对于句子理解存在问题，必定影响对于整个篇章的理解，但我们却不能认为，理解好了句子，也就了解了文章。那么，我们如何能够理解好一个句子呢？孤立的理解任何一个单句当然都存在着理解上的争议，所以我们对于句子理解的讨论自然是在篇章中进行。同时，我们也要充分利用篇章获得有益的线索，加深我们对句子的理解。除了篇章上下文之外，词汇、语法、文化背景以及语感等等都是影响句子理解质量的因素。所以，我们对于句子理解将集中于以上提出的几点。而要把理解好的句子翻译成合适的汉语，又涉及到翻译要考虑的语意功能对等要求。概括来说，良好理解是翻译的基础，而翻译是良好理解的表现形式。所以我们的讲解也是遵照这样的
12、顺序，先实现良好的理解，再探讨翻译时应注意的问题。 要很好的理解文章，我们应该在篇章上下文之外，词汇、语法、文化背景以及语感几个方面下功夫。有了良好的理解，就为我们的翻译提供了很大的帮助。但并不是全部的帮助。因为在翻译当中，同样有很多独特的问题需要注意。具体来说，我们要想获得成功的翻译，还应该做到以下几点：（一） 准确；（二） 完整；现在，我们选择一篇英语文章具体讲解在处理长句与难句时我们应该注意些什么，遵照什么样的原则，以及容易犯的错误。【例文】Nike: Just Dont Do ItFans like its hands-off approach to ConverseThe pract
13、ice is known as Beaverizing. Its a term industry insiders use for what Nike, based in Beaverton, Ore., has done to some companies its acquired through the years. Rather than letting the brands stand on their own, it gives them a Nike makeover. It swoosh-ified the hockey-equipment maker Bauer, for ex
14、ample, and boasted about Nike Air technology in its Cole Haan shoe subsidiary. Many feared the same would happen when Nike bought Converse, maker of the iconic Chuck Taylor All-Stars, a year ago. After all, the two companies seemed polar opposites. Nike made pricey, high-tech sneakers like $165 Air
15、Jordans; Converse was known for cheap, low-tech sneakers that have been the unofficial gear of the anti-establishment for years (Kurt Cobain was wearing Cons when he committed suicide in 1994). The Wall Street Journal sounded an ominous note when the deal broke in July 2003: The Swoosh is swallowing Chuck Taylor. Surprise, surprise. With Converse, Nike seems to have flipped its own slogan on its head. Meddle? Just dont do it. And the strategy appears to have paid off. Converse still has its retro-rebellious buzz, and its shoes are hot. Check the feet of Avr
