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1、2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题We must yield to the _ evidence which you have presented and free your client.问题1选项A.incontrovertibleB.inconsequentialC.incorrigibleD.inexorable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项incontrovertible表示“无可争议的，无疑的”，B项inconsequential表示“不重要的，不合理的”，C项incorrigible表示“不可救药的，积习难改的”，D项in
2、exorable表示“无情的，不屈不挠的”。根据关键信息free your client（释放你的委托人）可知，_ evidence应该表示“无可争议的证据”。句意：我们必须根据你提供的无可争议的证据释放你的委托人。因此，该题选择A项正确。2. 单选题Viruses, infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid packaged in a protein coat (the capsid), are difficult to resist. Unable to reproduce outside a living cell, viruses
3、reproduce only by subverting the genetic mechanisms of a host cell. In one kind of viral life cycle, the virus first binds to the cells surface, then penetrates the cell and sheds its capsid. The exposed viral nucleic acid produces new viruses from the contents of the cell. Finally, the cell release
4、s the viral progeny, and a new cell cycle of infection begins.The human body responds to a viral infection by producing antibodies: complex, highly specific proteins that selectively bind to foreign molecules such as viruses. An antibody can either interfere with a viruss ability bind to a cell, or
5、can prevent it from releasing its nucleic acid.Unfortunately, the common cold, produced most often by rhinoviruses, is intractable to antiviral defense. Humans have difficulty resisting colds because rhinoviruses are so diverse, including at least 100 strains. The strains differ most in the molecula
6、r structure of the proteins in their capsids. Since disease-fighting antibodies bind to the capsid, an antibody developed to protect against-one rhinovirus strain is useless against other strains. Different antibodies must be produced for each strain.A defense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless
7、succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains. For example, most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule (delta-receptors) on a cells surface when they attack human cells. Colonno, taking advantage of these common receptors, devised a strategy for blocking the a
8、ttachment of rhinoviruses to their appropriate receptors. Rather than fruitlessly searching for an antibody that would bind to all rhinoviruses, Colonno realized that an antibody binding to the common receptors of a human cell would prevent rhinoviruses from initiating an infection. Because human ce
9、lls normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells, Colonno injected human cells into mice, which did produce an antibody to the common receptor. In isolated human cells, this antibody proved to be extraordinarily effective at thwarting the rhinovirus. Moreover, when the antibod
10、y was given to chimpanzees, it inhibited rhinoviral growth, and in humans it lessened both the severity and duration of cold symptoms.Another possible defense against rhinoviruses was proposed by Rossman, who described rhinoviruses detailed molecular Structure. Rossman showed that protein sequences
11、common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep “canyon” scoring each face of the Capsid. The narrow opening of this canyor possibly prevents the relatively large antibody molecules from binding to the common sequence, but smaller molecules might reach it. Among these smaller, nonantibody
12、 molecules, some might bind to the common sequence, lock the nucleic acid in its coat, and thereby prevent the virus from reproducing.54. The primary purpose of the passage is to _.55. It can be inferred from the passage that the protein sequences of the capsid that vary most among strains of rhinov
13、irus are those _.56. Which of the following research strategies for developing a defense against the common cold would the author be likely to find most promising?57. It can be inferred from the passage that the purpose of Colonnos experiments was to determine whether _.问题1选项A.discuss viral mechanis
14、ms and possible ways of circumventing certain kinds of those mechanismsB.challenge recent research on how rhinoviruses bind to receptors on the surfaces of cellsC.suggest future research on rhinoviral growth in chimpanzeesD.defend a controversial research program whose purpose is to discover the mol
15、ecular structure of rhinovirus capsids问题2选项A.at the base of the “canyon”B.outside of the “canyon”C.responsible for producing nucleic acidD.responsible for preventing the formation of delta-receptors问题3选项A.Continuing to look for a general antirhinoviral antibody.B.Searching for common cell-surface re
16、ceptors in humans and mice.C.Continuing to look for similarities among the various strains of rhinovirus.D.Discovering how the human body produces antibodies in response to a rhinoviral infection.问题4选项A.chimpanzees and humans can both be infected by rhinovirusesB.chimpanzees can produce antibodies to human cell-sur
