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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Nutritional status affects childrens behavior. Well-nourished children are more alert and attentive and are better able to benefit from physical and learning experience. Poorly nourished children may be quiet and withdrawn, or too active during class activitie
2、s. Fat children also face many problems. They are often slow and less able to participate in physical activity. They may suffer from being laughed at and emotional stress by being excluded from playmates.Childrens resistance to infection and illness is also definitely influenced by their nutritional
3、 status. Children who are well nourished are less likely to become ill; they also recover more quickly when they are sick. Poorly nourished children are more sensitive to infections and illness. Illness also increases the need for some nutrients. Thus poor nutrition creates a cycle of illness, poore
4、r nutritional status, and lowered resistance to illness.Malnutrition is a serious problem for many young children but it is not always associated with poverty or a poor environment. Children of middle and upper income families may also be malnourished because of unwise food selections. Malnutrition
5、occurs when there is prolonged imbalance of the nutrients that are required and the nutrients that are actually eaten. Malnutrition may be the result of under nutrition or over-nutrition.It is important that both of these conditions be avoided in young child. An adequate intake of all required nutri
6、ents is most vital during early periods of growth and development. Also, the effects of nutritional deficiency on physical development during early childhood are less likely to be changed by improved dietary intake later.1. Well-nourished children tend to do all the following but _.2. Which of the f
7、ollowing statement is NOT true?3. Malnutrition may be caused by _.4. It is implied in the passage that _.5. The word “withdrawn” in Line 3 of Para 1 means _.问题1选项A.be attentive while learningB.be too active in classC.benefit from physical activityD.behave very properly问题2选项A.Childrens resistance to
8、illness is directly proportional to their poor nutritional status.B.The well-nourished tend to recover quickly when they are ill.C.The poorly-nourished are most likely to be the victims of any infectious disease.D.The cycle indicates that illness can turn the poor nutritional condition for the worse
9、.问题3选项A.a deprived environmentB.unwise food selectionsC.under nutritionD.all of the above问题4选项A.over nutrition is even harmful than under nutritionB.malnutrition has serious effects on childs physical developmentC.the nutritional condition of a young child deserves more concern than that of an adult
10、D.the nutrients intake can be improved as the child grows up问题5选项A.isolatedB.reserveC.selfishD.stubborn【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“Well-nourished”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Well-nourished children are more alert and attentive and are better able to benefit from physical and learni
11、ng experience.（营养良好的儿童更警觉、更专心，更能从体育活动和学习经验中受益。），所以A选项“在学习时专心致志”，C选项“从体育活动中受益”，D选项“行为端正”均符合营养良好儿童的特点，排除A，C，D。B选项“在课堂上过于活跃”，由第一段第三句Poorly nourished children may be quiet and withdrawn, or too active during class activities.（营养不良的孩子可能会安静、孤僻，或者在课堂活动中过于活跃。）可知，这是营养不良孩子的特点，因此本题选B。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】客观细节题。由A选项关
12、键词“resistance to illness”可以定位到文章第二段第五句Thus poor nutrition creates a cycle of illness, poorer nutritional status, and lowered resistance to illness.（因此，营养不良造成了疾病的循环，营养状况越差，抗病能力越低。），说明营养状况越差的儿童，对疾病的抵抗力也越低。因此A选项“儿童对疾病的抵抗力与其不良的营养状况成正比”与原文的表述不符，本题选A。B选项“营养好的人生病后往往恢复得很快”，C选项“营养不良的人最容易成为传染病的受害者”，D选项“循环表明，疾
13、病会使营养不良的状况恶化”均与原文的意思相符，所以排除B，C，D。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】客观细节题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段Malnutrition is a serious problem for many young children but it is not always associated with poverty or a poor environment. Children of middle and upper income families may also be malnourished because of unwise food selections Ma
14、lnutrition may be the result of under nutrition or over-nutrition.（营养不良对许多儿童来说是一个严重的问题，但它并不总是与贫穷或恶劣的环境有关。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因为不明智的食物选择而营养不良营养不良可能是营养不足或营养过剩的结果。），说明营养不良的原因有恶劣的环境、不明智的食物选择、营养不足、营养过剩。A选项“恶劣的环境”，B选项“不明智的食物选择”，C选项“营养不足”都是导致营养不良的原因之一，所以D选项“以上都是”正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章介绍了儿童营养不良造成的危害和导致儿童营养不良的原因
15、，但是C选项所说“儿童的营养状况比成人的营养状况更值得关注”无法从本文得出，本文并未对比两种状况哪一种更值得关注，C选项首先可排除。A选项“营养过剩比营养不足更有害”，由原文第三段最后一句“Malnutrition may be the result of under nutrition or over-nutrition”可知，营养过剩和营养不足都是造成营养不良的原因，它们同样有严重的危害，所以A错误。D选项“随着孩子的成长，营养素的摄入量可以得到改善”，由原文可知，早期儿童营养缺乏对身体发育的影响不太可能因以后改善饮食摄入而改变，所以D错误。B选项“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”，由原文最后一段可知，An adequate intake of all required nutrients is most vital during early periods of growth and development“在生长和发育的早期阶段，充分摄取所有必需营养素是最重要的”，也就是要保证发育期的营养摄入，可反推出“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”，因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“withdrawn”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Poorly nourished children may be quiet and withdrawn,
