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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题You have to thaw the meat before it can be cooked.问题1选项A.tenderizeB.defrostC.seasonD.braise【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。thaw意为“(结冰后) 解冻，融化，融解”；tenderize意为“使嫩，使软化”；defrost意为“（给）化霜，（使）解冻”；season意为“加调料调味，加作料”；braise意为“炖，焖”。句意：烹饪肉之前，你得先解冻它。2. 翻译题Vacations are more necessary now t
2、han before because today the average life is less well-rounded and has become increasingly compartmentalized. I suppose the idea of vacations, as we conceive it, must be incomprehensible to primitive peoples. Rest of some kind has of course always been a part of the rhythm of human life, but earlier
3、 ages did not find it necessary to organize it in the way that modern man has done, holidays and feast days were sufficient.With modern mans increasing tensions, with the stultifying (极其单调乏味的) quality of so much of his work, this break in the years routine became steadily more necessary. Vacations b
4、ecame mandatory for the purpose of renewal and repair. And so it came about that in the United States, the most self-indulgent of nations, the most tense and compartmentalized, vacations have come to take a predominant place in domestic conversation.【答案】【参考译文】休假比以前任何时候都更有必要，因为如今一般人的生活不再像以前那样丰富多彩，相反却
5、变得越来越单调乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我们现在的休假概念。当然，某种方式的休息，历来是人生节奏的一部分，但人类社会早期认为没有必要像现代人那样安排休假。那时的节日足已满足人们的需要。由于现代人生活越来越紧张，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假变得越来越必要。休假已成为调节修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放纵而生活节奏最紧张单调的美国，休假就成了家庭闲谈的主要话题。3. 单选题The choir slowly walked through the （ ）of the church as they sang.问题1选项A.passageB.laneC.isleD.aisle【答
6、案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。passage意为“通道，走廊”；lane意为“(乡间)小路，小巷，胡同”；isle意为“岛，小岛”；aisle意为“(教堂、戏院、火车等座位间或超级市场货架间的)走道，过道”。由the church（教堂）可知选D。句意：唱诗班在唱诗的时候慢慢地穿过教堂的过道。4. 单选题One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of in the bed.问题1选项A.pedestriansB.peculiaritiesC.pedagoguesD.punctures【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。ec
7、centricity意为“古怪行为，怪癖”；pedestrian意为“行人，步行者”；peculiarity意为“怪异的性质(或习惯)，怪癖”；pedagogue意为“教师，好为人师的人”；puncture意为“小孔，扎孔”。句意：他的怪癖之一是睡在床下而不是床上。5. 翻译题Confucius said, “Since the age of 15, I have devoted myself to learning; since 30, I have been well established; since 40, I have understood many things and have
8、 no longer been confused; since 50, I have known my heaven-sent duty; since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other peoples words; and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.”The average life expectancy at the Spring and Autumn Periods a
9、nd Warring States Periods was, according to some research, about 19 years. Confucius lived 72 to 73 years, a rare god of longevity in deed. It was even hard for those with power and leisure to reach such an age. Therefore, Confucius could be very well learned, far from what an ordinary person could
10、expect at his times.The statistics in 2001 shows that the world life expectancy is 62.27 with the Japanese taking the lead to be 79.66 while China gaining a position surpassing all developing countries by its 69.98. However, the Chinese have not yet reached the age to do what they intend freely with
11、out breaking the rules. Thus, rules are hard not to be broken.Calculated in the terms Confucius set for us in learning, those of us who have been learning English for ten years still have a long way to go before reaching the time to be established. To have no confusion, one has to spend 25 years. To
12、 truly understand the purpose of English learning, one has to do it for 35 years. It takes 45 years if one wants to distinguish right and wrong in other peoples words, and 55 years to manipulate English language freely without breaking the rules.【答案】【参考译文】子曰“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，
13、不逾矩。”根据一些研究，在春秋战国时人的平均寿命大约为19岁。孔子活到了72到73岁，是少有的寿星。在那时，即使是那些有权且生活闲暇的人也很难达到孔子的高寿。所以，孔子的修行是很高的，在当时，非一般人所能企及。2001年的统计数据显示，世界人口平均寿命为62.27岁，其中日本人的平均寿命最高，达到79.66岁，而中国人以平均寿命69.98岁而超过所有发展中国家人口的平均寿命。然而，中国人还没有活到随心所欲而不越出规矩的年龄。因此，不逾矩很难。若以孔子志学的时间推算，我们学习英语10年，还远远不够，因为还没有到而立之年。要想没有疑问，得学25年；要想真正懂得学习英语的目的，得学35年；要想辨别他
14、人英语的好坏，得学45年；要想随心所欲且不逾矩地运用英语，得学55年。6. 单选题His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in（ ）to his income.问题1选项A.comparisonB.proportionC.associationD.calculation【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in comparison to“与，与相比，与比较而言”；B选项in proportion to“与成比例的；与相称的”，反义词词组是out of proportion；C选项association“协会，联合，联想”
15、，没有in association to这个说法；D选项calculation“计算，估计，计算的结果，深思熟虑”，也没有in calculation to这个说法，句意：他在度假和奢侈品上的开支与他的收入比起来相当高。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题The plane（ ）, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.问题1选项A.smashedB.crushedC.plungedD.crashed【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。smash意为“打碎，打破，撞击”；crush意为“压坏，压碎”；plunge意为“暴跌，骤降”；crash意为“碰撞、坠落，坠毁”，根据习惯用法，飞机失事，动词都是用crash。句意：飞机坠毁了，其炸弹在撞击地面时爆炸。8. 单选题The young artist creates（ ）.问题1选项A.marble translucent sculpturesB.translucent marble sculpturesC.marble scul
