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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 翻译题For many Chinese people, the beginning of 2011 holds the promise of a fresh round of education reforms, which are expected to boost the countrys education quality through increasing government investment, narrowing gaps between urban and rural schools, achievi
2、ng internationally acknowledged higher education and reducing academic corruption and bureaucracy.According to the landmark reform plan, government investment will increase steadily to support the education sector, with education expenditure amounting to 4% of GDP by 2012.China first pledged to incr
3、ease its education spending to 4 percent of the GDP in 1993, but has, so far, failed to achieve the target. The plan, which took one year and nine months to draw up and invited public submission on two separate occasions, was seen as setting the tone for the development of education sector, which ha
4、s long suffered from funding shortage and unbalanced development between rural and urban areas.The development of education, ranging from preschool education to vocational education in rural areas, will be a priority of the countrys overall development programs.The 22-chapter plan says preschool edu
5、cation should basically be universal by 2020, and nine-year compulsory education policy should be consolidated. The enrolment rate for senior middle school should be 90 percent of school age children, while the enrolment rate for higher education should be 40 percent of high school graduates.The key
6、 for China to build world-level universities lies in authorizing the educators, students and society to assess the quality of education, allowing professors to conduct academic research with full freedom and empowering students to participate in university administration.【答案】【参考译文】对许多中国人而言，2011年初有望进
7、行新一轮教育改革，通过增加政府投资、缩小城乡差距、取得国际承认的高等教育、减少学术腐败和官僚主义，来实现中国的教育质量的提高。根据这个具有里程碑意义的改革计划，政府支持教育部门的投资将会稳步增加，到2012年，教育经费将总计达到国内生产总值的百分之四。中国在1993年首次承诺将教育经费增加至国内成产总值的百分之四，但到目前为止还没有达到该目标。这个耗费了一年又九个月时间来起草并在两个单独场合邀请公众提供意见的计划，被视为为长期遭受资金短缺的城乡发展不平衡的教育部门的发展奠定了基础。农村地区从学前教育到职业教育的教育发展将是我国整体发展规划中的一个重点。这个有二十二个章节的计划称，学前教育到20
8、20年时应该基本普及且九年义务教育政策应该被巩固。高中的升学率应该是儿童的90%，而高等教育的升学率应该是高中毕业生的40%。中国建设世界级大学的关键在于授权教育工作者、学生和社会去评估教学质量，允许教授自由进行学术研究，允许学生参加大学的管理。2. 单选题The plane（ ）, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.问题1选项A.smashedB.crushedC.plungedD.crashed【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。smash意为“打碎，打破，撞击”；crush意为“压坏，压碎”；plunge意为“暴跌，骤降”；crash意为“碰撞
9、、坠落，坠毁”，根据习惯用法，飞机失事，动词都是用crash。句意：飞机坠毁了，其炸弹在撞击地面时爆炸。3. 单选题The odd noises and flashes of light in the empty house completely baffled him.问题1选项A.horrifiedB.surroundedC.perplexedD.surprised【答案】C【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项horrified“惊骇，使惊悚”；B选项surrounded“包围，围住”；C选项perplexed“困惑，迷茫，惶恐”；D选项surprised“使惊奇，惊讶”。句意：空房子里奇怪的
10、声音和闪光把他完全弄糊涂了。Baffle“使困惑；使受挫折”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion,
11、 values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only thr
12、ough experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, fol
13、lowing the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has
14、 been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large co
15、mpanies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to
16、 know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.41. According to the passage, which of the following is true?（ ）42. According to the author, the model of Pepsi（ ）.43. The two schools of thought（ ）.44. This article is supposed to be most useful for those（ ）.45. According to Fortune, successful international comp
