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1、定语从句专讲专练1概念：在含有主句和从句的复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定 语从句。它所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句就跟在先行词的后面。用来引导定语从句 的词叫关系词，分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose )和关系副词 (where,when,why,)。Eg. Did you see the person who/that stole it?This is the pen which/that he is looking for.上面两例中的先行词分别是 the person与 the pen,后面是有关系代词 who/that;which/that
2、 引导的定语从句。2. 关系代词的选择及功能。引导定语从句的词有关系代词 who,that,which,whom,whose和关系副词 where,when,why。他们放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又充当定语从句 中的一个成分(如主语或宾语)。有关先行词的选择取决于两点：先行词是人还关系代词在从句中做主语还是宾语。具体用法如下：1当先行词是人时，关系代词可以用who或that；当先行词是物时，关系代词可用which 或 that。Eg. The film which/that they saw was very in teresti ng.The boy who/that is s
3、itti ng in the sun is my brother.2) 当关系代词在句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。Eg. The man (who, whom., that)they are waiting for comes from Japan.3) whose指人或物的所有格。eg. Do you know the boy whose hair is yellow?The classroom whose win dows are closed is ours.4) 关系畐【J词 when, where, why =介词 + whichwhe n 表时间，跟在 hour, mome nt
4、, day, mon th, year,seas on, tim等 之后。eg. Can you tell me the date whe n/on which you were born? Where 表地点，跟在 place, village ,town, city, home等之后。Eg. This is the place where/in which I grew up.Why表原因，在reason (原因)之后。That s the reason why she didn t come to work.3. 特殊情况1当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词必须用that。
5、Eg. This is the best no vel (that) I have ever read.2) 如果指物的先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，必须用that，不能用which。 不定代词有 all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, much, little,every,a ny ,some 等。Eg.I mea n the one (that)you talked about just now.3) 当先行词有the only, the very, the last, the same, the f
6、irs等词修饰时，关系代词必须 用 that。Eg. He is the only person( that )1 saw there.which4）关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，如果介词放在它的前面，只能用 或 whom oEg. This is the room that/which he lived_in two years ago.This is the room in which he lived two years ago.The girl who/whom/that he is talking to is my sisiter.The girl to whom he is
7、talking is my sisiter.但有些介词短语的固定词组不能拆开eg. The babies who /that the nurse are look ing after are healthy.5）当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，定语从句的谓语动词取决于先行词而不是关系代词。Eg. The girl who has long hair is my daughter.The trees that were planted by us last year have grown well.6）当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作表语时用 thato eg. She is no Ion
8、ger the girl that she wan ted to be.that7）当有两个或两个以上分别表人和物的先行词时只能用 eg. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.8）当who ,which开头的疑问句时，避免重复，用thateg. Who is the girl that is sta nding at the door.9）主句是there be结构,定语从句用that作关系代词eg.There is a seat in the corner that is still free.10）,关系
9、词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：What s that which is under the de? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用 which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back, which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。11）当先行词为 anyone, every one, thos
10、e .he , she , all, any指人时； 用 who eg: I will shoot anyone who moves . It is he who saved me.专题训练：一.用关系代词或关系副词填空。1. We n eed comradescan help us.2. The manyou saw yesterday was a doctor from Beiji ng.3. This is a story about a girln ame或 the n ame ofis Liu Hu-la n.4. This is our classroom ,windows或 th
11、e windows offace the south.5. Here is a bookwill give a lot of useful kno wledge.6. This is the songwe like best.7. I will n ever forget the day onI first saw him.8. This is the roomLao Liu once lived in.9. Do you still remember the day onhe joined the arm?10. The earth, we all know, moves around th
12、e sun.11. is known to al, the earth is round.12. The sun is bigger than the earth is known to us all.13. He did not study hard, led to his failure.14. We used the same type of mach inethey did.15. We have found such materialsare used in their factory.16. Here are five fish. The twowere caught yester
13、day are gold fish.17. Everythi ngI told you just now is true.18. They talked of the things and pers onsthey remembered in the school.19. There are starswe still don t know in space.20. Li Ying is not the girlshe used to be ten years ago.21. The businessman you saw just now is Jim.22. The room he is
14、now living in is large.23. A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh.24. The person to he is speaking is Mr Black.25. The tomatoeswere in the basket were red.二.将下列句子合并或改为改为定语从句I, This is a people. I went to sha nghai with him.2,I n ever forget the day. I spe nt the day with my frie nd in
15、sha nghai.3, ,I n ever forget the day. I jo ined the League Member on that day4,. This is a people. I used to play with him.5, He is the only stude nt. He passed the exam.6, she is a girl. Her hair is the Ion gest in the class.7, He is my good frie nd. I ofte n think of her.8, This is a place . I used to play with my frie nds in this place.9, This is a place . I visited this place last year.10, He is a people. He ofte n helps others.II. I dont know the reason .why he did quarrel with Zhang Lin?12. These are the people and books. I saw the people and book
