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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 不定项选择题Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropr
2、iate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the ave
3、rage Medicare patient save a total of seven doctors two primary care physicians and five specialists in a given year. Contrary to popular belief the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and me
4、dical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he is reimbursed（返还费用）. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans hea
5、vily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbur
6、sements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scena
7、rio. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without reg
8、ular doctors.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care m
9、ore attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of
10、the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?1. The authors chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is （ ）.2. We learn from the passage that people tend
11、to believe that （ ）.3. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to （ ）.4. Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?5. What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?问题1选项
12、A.the inadequate training of physiciansB.the declining number of doctorsC.the shrinking primary care resourcesD.the ever-rising health care costs问题2选项A.the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB.seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC.visiting doctors on a regular b
13、asis ensures good healthD.the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better问题3选项A.increase their income by working overtimeB.improve their expertise and serviceC.make various deals with specialistsD.see more patients at the expense of quality问题4选项A.They find the need for primary care declining.B
14、.The current system works against primary care.C.Primary care physicians command less respect.D.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.问题5选项A.Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians.B.Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C.Recruit more medical stu
15、dents by offering them loans.D.Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句“Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. 初级医疗保健应该是任何卫生保健系统的支柱。”与第三句“The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing
16、 the specialist rather than the primary care physician. 美国则采取了相反的做法，强调专家而不是初级保健医生。”及文章主要讲述的是“美国初级医疗资源的减少”这一内容可知C项“日益减少的初级保健资源”与原文相符。A项“医生培训的不足”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“医生数量的减少”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“不断上升的医疗保健费用”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段第三句“Contrary to popular belief the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee
