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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to（ ）the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“管理；主持（常与over搭配）”；B选项introduce“介绍；引进；提出”；C选项chair“担任主席；主持；使入座”；D选项dominate“控制；支配；占优势”。句意：由于经理出差去了，我被邀请每周员工会
2、议。此处应表示“主持会议”，A选项preside应与over搭配才表示“主持”，只有C选项符合题意。2. 翻译题After I gave a talk on the subject of happiness, a woman in the audience stood up and said, “I wish my husband had come.” “Much as I loved him,” she explained, “it wasnt easy being married to someone so unhappy.” This woman enabled me to put in
3、to words what I had been searching foraltruistic, as well as the personal, reasons for taking happiness seriously. I told her that each of us owes it to our spouse, our children, and our friends to be as happy as we can.I was not a particularly happy child, and like most teenagers, I took pleasure i
4、n my anguish. One day, however, it occurred to me that I was taking the easy way out. Anyone could be unhappy; it took no courage and effort. True achievement lay in struggling to be happy. The notion that we have to work at happiness comes as news to many people. We assume its a feeling that comes
5、as a result of good things that just happen to us, things over which we have little or no control. But the opposite is true: happiness is largely under our control. It is a battle to be fought and not a feeling to be awaited. To achieve a happy life, its necessary to overcome some stumbling blocks.W
6、e all know people who have had a relatively easy life yet are essentially unhappy. And we know people who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy. The first secret is gratitude. All happy people are grateful. Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads
7、people to complain, but its truer to say that complaining leads to people becoming unhappy.【答案】在我做了一场以快乐为主题的报告之后，一位女士听众站起来说：“要是我丈夫也能来听报告就好了。”她解释说：“虽然我很爱他，可是同一个不快乐的人做夫妻真不是件容易的事情。”这位女士用语言表达出了我一直在探索的一个道理认真对待快乐，即可利己，也有利于他人。我告诉她，为了我们的配偶、孩子和朋友，我们每个人都应尽可能快乐。以前，我像大多数十几岁的少年一样，并不是一个特别快乐的孩子，经常在苦中求乐。然而，有一天，我突然意
8、识到，我是在贪图省事。任何人都可以不开心，这不需要勇气和努力。真正的成就在于努力奋斗去获得快乐。对许多人来说，我们必须努力去正确快乐这一概念是一件新鲜事。我们以为，快乐是一种感觉，是我们碰到好事的结果，我们很难掌控它。然而事实恰好相反，在很大程度上我们可以控制快乐。这是一场需要为之拼搏，而不是坐等。为了实现快乐的人生，我们需要克服一些障碍。众所周知，生活相对简单的人基本上并不快乐。而有一些人，他们经历了巨大的痛苦却往往仍然是快乐的。第一大秘诀就是感恩。所有快乐的人都怀有感恩的心。没有感恩之心的人不可能快乐。我们往往认为，不快乐会导致人们抱怨。但事实却是抱怨让人变得不快乐。3. 单选题We ho
9、pe the students would（ ）the information contained in the lecture.问题1选项A.associateB.understandC.assimilateD.assess【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。associate “使联合，使发生联系”；understand “理解，获悉，推断”；assimilate “吸收，使同化”；assess “评定，估价”。由句中“information contained in the lecture讲稿中包含的信息”可知C选项“吸收”正确。4. 单选题Atmospheric pressure can s
10、upport a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hy
11、pothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pump. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the w
12、ater from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.If Water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pus
13、hed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface
14、of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintena
15、nce of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength perm
16、its columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.1.The passage answers which of the following questions?2.What do the first experiments mentioned in paragraph one prove?3.How do botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?4.Which of the following statements does the passage support?
