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1、2022年考博英语-清华大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题They admitted that they shared the same（ ）on the matter.问题1选项A.PotentialityB.sentimentC.postscriptD.subscription【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。potentiality 潜能，潜力；sentiment 情操，情感；postscript 附言，后记；subscription 订金；捐献。shared the same后接选项D, 表示在这件事上出相同的订金。2. 单选题The bad and damp weath
2、er in the hot area would enable the plants to get（ ）quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。decomposed 已分解的，已腐烂的；denounced 公开指责的，公然抨击的；detached 分开的，分离的；deduced 推论的，演绎的。根据句中bad and damp weather(恶劣潮湿的天气),the plants与decomposed搭配合理表示“湿热天气使植物很快腐烂”。3. 单选题Artificial intellig
3、ence deals partly with the （ ）between the computer and the human brain.问题1选项A.profileB.mightyC.analogyD.leakage【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。此处指的是电脑和人脑的相似之处。C项analogy （类似，相似）符合句意。4. 单选题Sometimes in drawing and designing the sign X（ ）the unknown number.问题1选项A.facilitatesB.fascinatesC.denotesD.jots【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。fac
4、ilitate 使容易，推动；fascinate 使着迷，使神魂颠倒；denote 指示，表示；jot 略记，摘要记录下来。句意: 有时候, 在绘制和设计中, X（ ） 未知的数字。因此, C选项符合句意。5. 翻译题Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services
5、as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it, but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts detract from well-being.For most of human history
6、, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence i
7、nconvenience, deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970s，then, represented a turning point. After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began t
8、o be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.【答案】参考译文：要理解这种转变，需要考察一下能源和人类幸福之间的双重关系。从积极的方面来看，能源促进了人类幸福，不但服务了经济生产，而且为人类提供了消费服务，如供热和照明等。但另一方面，能源的
9、成本却破坏了人类的幸福，它不但包括投入开采和应用能源的资金和其他资源，而且包括能源对环境和社会政治所造成的影响。在人类历史的大部分时间里，其主要关注的是能源和幸福关系的积极方面，能源短缺或者是更为常见的是在开采、转化和分配能源的技术和组织上的不足减少了能源的积极作用，从而产生能源使用的不便，能源使用权利被剥夺，其发展也受到限制。20世纪70年代是一个转折点。此前的几十年中能源的资金成本一直保持稳定甚至有所下降，环境和社会政治成本在屈居几十年的次要地位之后，能源在各个方面的成本都在增加。能源使用代价过高的危害可以同能源短缺的危害相提并论。也有可能出现提供某些能源供应所付出的代价要大于获得的利益这
10、种情况。6. 单选题The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the（ ）by various means.问题1选项A.flightB.plightC.delightD.twilight【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。flight 航班，航机；plight 境况，困境；delight 高兴，快乐；twilight 黄昏，黎明。plight放在此处比较适合, out of the plight意为“走出困境”。7. 单选题Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering fro
11、m shorter periods of（ ）business.问题1选项A.staleB.slackC.ferrousD.abundant【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。stale 不新鲜的 ，可以指食物，也可以指事情；slack 松弛的，不活跃的；生意不景气的；ferrous 含铁的；abundant 大量的，充足的。句子中与business搭配的应该是slack, slack business指“生意不景气，萧条”。8. 单选题All the products made in China are sold and distributed in（ ）with the U. S. Export
12、 Administration Regulations and also local country rules.问题1选项A.complianceB.prosperityC.merchandiseD.intersection【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。in compliance with为固定搭配，意为“依从 ，按照”。9. 单选题They have（ ）her unreasonable request for her annual salary.问题1选项A.destinedB.chordedC.repelledD.commenced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。destined 指定，命定
13、，注定；chorded 弦，合音，和弦；repelled 击退，抵制；commenced 开始。句意: 他们 了她提出的不合理的年薪要求。C项在此处比较合适, 意思是 “回绝了”。10. 单选题The government decided to take a(n) （ ）action to strengthen the market management.问题1选项A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。diverse 多样的，变化多的；durable 持久的，耐用的；epidemic 流行的,传染的；drastic 激烈的,
14、大刀阔斧式的。句意:政府应该采取（ ）措施加强市场管理。take a drastic action 意为“进行大刀阔斧的改革”。11. 单选题The military operations（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。空格处做的是后置定语，修饰the military operations(军事行动)，B项commenced(开始)符合句意。12. 单选题We cannot be（ ）with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.问题1选项A.PeckedB.reconciledC.perturbedD.presumed【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。peck 啄食；perturb 感到不安；presumed 推定。Be reconcile with为固定搭配，表示与和解。13. 单选题I cant remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was prett
