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1、Unit 11 Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victoriesover nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us.Friedrich Engels (page 1)但是我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利，自然 界都对我们进行报复。弗里德里希 恩格斯该句出自德国哲学家、革命导师弗里德里希 恩格斯的劳动在从猿到人转变过程中 的作用一文，意在说明人类与自然界要和谐共处。2 Wel
2、come to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. (page 2, line 1)欢迎来到这片雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。 (1) 句中 a sea of 意为“大量的，大片的”。如：He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces.他往下看，看到一张张笑脸。(2) 句中 alive with 意为“充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）”。如：The pond was alive with frogs.池塘里满是青蛙。3 The A
3、mazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400kilometres in lengthroughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (page2, lines 79)亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近 6400 千米，比长江还长约 100 千米。句中 from which the rainforest gets its name 是非限制性定语从句，为先行项 TheAmazon River 提供补充信息，先行项和非限制性定语从句之间
4、用逗号隔开。如： The house, which was built over a hundred years ago, was not damaged in theearthquake.这座一百多年前建成的房子在地震中没有受损。4 The forests different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. (page 3,lines 1415)雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。句中 variety 意为“（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样”，a variety of 意为“各种各样 的”。如：We c
5、an see that a variety of techniques are used in the painting.我们可以看到这幅画作中使用了多种技巧。5 At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. (page 3, lines 1516)在底部，有一个地表下的根系。句中 beneath 意为“在下面”。如：Alice quickly hid the letter beneath a pile of clothes.艾丽斯迅速把信藏在一堆衣服下。6 Each level of the forest form
6、s its own little world, home to different kinds of living things. (page 3, lines 1920)雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。句中 living 是形容词，意为“活的，活着的”。如：He is considered to be one of the greatest living writers.他被认为是在世的最伟大的作家之一。7 While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element ofth
7、is forests food chain. (page 3, lines 2324)相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是亚马孙雨林食物链的一个要素。句中 survive 意为“生存，存活，继续存在”；survive 还可以表示“幸存，幸免于难，艰 难度过”，后面直接跟宾语，不加介词。如：It was very hard for me in those days but I survived.那段日子对我来说很艰难，但我还是挺过来了。He survived the accident without any injury.他在事故中幸免于难，而且毫发无损。8 These frogs, in tu
8、rn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. (page 3,lines 2527)相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。句中 in turn 意为“相应地，转而”。如：Increasing production costs will, in turn, lead to higher prices.生产成本不断提高相应地会引起价格上涨。9 The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producingover 20 per cent
9、 of all the Earths oxygen. (page 3, lines 3031)亚马孙雨林能固定碳，而且产生的氧气超过全球总量的 20%，从而使得地球生生不息。 句中 breathe life into 意为“给带来起色，注入活力”。如：We need some new people to breathe life into this project.我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。8210 Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human act
10、ivities such as agriculture and cattle farming. (page 3, lines 3435)在过去的 50 年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约 17% 的雨林已经消失了。句中 due to 意为“由于，因为”。due to 一般用于正式文体，日常英语中人们一般用 because of。如：The flight was cancelled due to bad weather.由于天气不好，航班被取消了。11 As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of spec
11、ies indanger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford todamage the “lungs of the planet”? (page 3, lines 3538)人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能 承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？(1) 句中 impact意为“作用，影响”。如：New technologies will have an impact on teaching methods.新技术会对教学方法产生影响。(2) 句中
12、leave 意为“造成，使留下”。如：She left me with the impression that she disliked me.她给我的印象是她讨厌我。(3) 句中 damage 是动词，意为“损害，损坏，损伤”；damage 还可以作名词，后面常 跟介词 to。如：His house was badly damaged in the earthquake.他的房子在地震中受损严重。The disease can cause serious damage to the brain.这种疾病会对大脑造成严重损伤。12 When you think of a fearsome hu
13、nter, images of lions and sharks may spring tomind. (page 8)当你想到一个可怕的捕猎者，狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会立刻跃入脑海。(1) 句中 fearsome 意为“可怕的”。词缀 -some 可置于某些名词后构成形容词，表 示“有倾向的，易于的”。如：quarrelsome 爱争吵的，好口角的 troublesome 令人烦恼的，讨厌的(2) 句中 spring to mind 意为“马上想到，突然出现在脑海里”，spring 是不规则动词， 过去式为 sprang，过去分词为 sprung。如：If you refer to Hawai
14、i, a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may spring tomind.如果你提到夏威夷，美丽海滩和蓝色海洋的景象可能就会立刻浮现在脑海中。8313 Still others hunt animals just for fun: deer are tracked and shot by people whoenjoy the excitement of the sport. (page 8)还有一些人猎杀动物只是为了找乐子：那些追踪、射猎鹿的人喜欢狩猎的刺激。句中 track 意为“追踪，找寻”。如：Police have been trac
15、king the criminal for months.警察几个月来都在追踪那名罪犯。14 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.(page 8)随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。本句为主从复合句，主句是 so 引导的倒装句，目的是强调人类对动物的影响在日益 增加，相当于 the effect we have on animals continues to grow as well。句中 so 表示前者的情况同样适用于后者，常用结构为“so + 助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词 + 主语”。 如：As the demand for products rises, s
