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1、2022年考博英语-宁波大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The question that comes first to my mind is this. What would it mean to say that an animal has the right to the pursuit of happiness? How would that come about, and in relationship to whom?In speaking of “animal happiness,” we often tend to mean something like
2、 “creature comforts.” The emblems of this are the golden retriever rolling in the grass, the horse with his nose deep in the oats, kitty by the fire. Creature comforts are important to animals: “Grub first, then ethics” is a motto that would describe many a wise Labrador retriever, and I have a bull
3、 terrier named Annie whose continual quest for the perfect pillow inspires her to awesome feats. But there is something more to animals, something more to my Annie, a capacity for satisfactions that come from work in the full sensesomething approximately like what leads some people to insist that th
4、ey need a career (though my own temperament is such that I think of a good woodcarver or a dancer or poet sooner than I think of a business executive when I contemplate the kind of happiness enjoyed by an accomplished dressage horse). This happiness, like the artists, must come from something within
5、 the animal, something trainers call talent, and so cannot be imposed on the animal. But at the same time it does not arise in a vacuum; if it had not been a fairly ordinary thing in one part of the world at one point to teach young children to play the harpsichord, it is doubtful that Mozarts music
6、 would exist. There are animals versions, if not equivalent, of Mozart, and they cannot make their spontaneous passions into sustained happiness without education, anymore than Mozart could have.Aristotle identified happiness with ethics and with work, unlike Thomas Jefferson, who defined happiness
7、as “Indolence of Body; Tranquility of Mind.” and thus what I call creature comforts. Aristotle also excluded as unethical anything that animals and artists do, for reasons that look wholly benighted to me. Nonetheless, his central insights are more helpful than anything else I know in beginning to u
8、nderstand why some horses and dogs can only be described as competent, good at what they do, and therefore happy. Not happy because leading lives of pleasure, but rather happy because leading lives in which the sensation of getting it right, the “click,” as of the pleasure that comes of solving a pu
9、zzle or surmounting something, is a governing principle.31. The author presents examples in Sentence 2, Paragraph 2 in order to _.32. The motto “Grub first; then ethics” (in Paragraph 2) indicates that animals _.33. Which of the following statements is more consistent with the authors discussion of
10、temperament in “. (though my temperament.accomplished dressage horse)” in Paragraph 2?34. The word of “indolence” in Paragraph 3 can be best replaced by _.35. The authors discussion of Mozart in the end of Paragraph 2 primarily emphasizes the _.问题1选项A.illustrate the variety of activities in which an
11、imals engageB.suggest that appearances of happiness are deceptiveC.support an apparently implausible argumentD.arouse nostalgic longings问题2选项A.are much more intelligent than many people believeB.have been forced to develop survival skillsC.desire consistency in their daily livesD.enjoy close relatio
12、nships with human beings问题3选项A.The author believes that few people are ever satisfied with the jobs they have chosen.B.The author suspects that a busy life can have its own rewards.C.The author believes that a poet can be successful in business.D.The author considers artistic pursuits to be the most
13、 personally fulfilling of all endeavors.问题4选项A.independenceB.idlenessC.energyD.diligence问题5选项A.the role of social circumstances in the emergence of musical geniusB.fact that young children are sometimes pushed to excelC.observation that genius was more common in the past than it is todayD.pleasure t
14、hat artists derive from achievement【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】31.【选项释义】31. The author presents examples in Sentence 2, Paragraph 2 in order to _. 31. 作者在第二段第二句中举了一些例子，目的是为了_。A. illustrate the variety of activities in which animals engage A. 说明动物从事的各种活动B. suggest that appearances of happiness a
15、re deceptive B. 暗示幸福的外表是有欺骗性的C. support an apparently implausible argument C. 支持一个明显不可信的论点D. arouse nostalgic longings D. 唤起怀旧的渴望【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】定位第二段第二句的例子“它的象征（emblems）是在草地上打滚的金毛猎犬，鼻子深深扎在燕麦里的马，火炉边的小猫。”，这一句话是对前面第一句的举例：说到“动物的幸福”，我们通常倾向于指“物质享受（creature comforts）”之类的东西，所以后面的emblems是对前面creature comforts的说明，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项中对于appearances of happiness，在第二句并没有体现出deceptive的词语，属于曲解原文；C选项对于creature comforts，该处没有提到它是一个明显不可信的，所以属于曲解原文；D选项没有体现，属于无中生有。32.【选项释义】32. The motto “Grub first; then ethics” (in Paragraph 2) indicates that animals _. 32. 第二段中的座右铭“Grub first; then ethics”表明动
