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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 不定项选择题New parents are annoying. They think you want to hear about every gurgle and baby-step. But it could be worse. When your boss has a sprog, watch your wallet.A study to be published next month in Administrative Science Quarterly looks at what happe
2、ns to workers pay when a male boss has a child. Researchers tracked salaries at every firm in Denmark with more than ten employees between 1996 and 2006. (They confined themselves to male bosses partly because the sample of female bosses was too small.)Male bosses, it turns out, pay themselves signi
3、ficantly more once they become fathers. Even after controlling for factors such as age, length of tenure and the performance of the firm, the study found that bosses with daughters pay themselves 3.5% more than childless ones. If they have a son, that increases to a hefty 6.4%. David Ross of Columbi
4、a Business School, one of the authors, says all fathers feel a duty to support their families. For grunts this means working harder. Bosses have the more agreeable option of raising their own wages.This is bad news for underlings. That extra money comes out of workers pockets, the study finds. Staff
5、 employed by a father is typically paid less. The amount depends on such things as the sex of the baby and whether it is his first child. Male employees bear the grunt: if the bosss child is a son, for example, they can expect 0.5% less salary than if he hadnt reproduced.Female staff fare better. Af
6、ter their bosss first child, they can expect to be paid a little more. Mr. Ross speculates that this might be because, having seen their wives go through childbirth, they start to respect women more. Alas, such goodwill doesnt last. Once the boss has a second child, female workers wages are likely t
7、o fall, just like mens.1. According to the passage, which of the following describes the study CORRECTLY?2. According to the passage, once they become fathers, male bosses tend to _.3. The study reveals that upon stepping into fatherhood, _.4. What does the sentence “Male employees bear the grunt” i
8、n paragraph 4 mean?5. After the bosss first child, compared with males, female workers are _.问题1选项A.It was conducted by a Denmark firm.B.It was a large-scale and longitudinal study.C.It was a systematic and time-consuming study.D.It tracked the salaries of ten employees from every firm.问题2选项A.pay mo
9、re to those with sonsB.make the firm earn more moneyC.differ due to factors such as age etc.D.take more money from their underlings问题3选项A.employees need to work harder than bossesB.bosses and employees differ in their options of dutyC.both bosses and employees need to earn more moneyD.bosses are mor
10、e agreeable than employees问题4选项A.Male employees are angry.B.Male employees suffer most.C.Male employees differ from others.D.Male employees complain about the situation.问题5选项A.in a different situationB.paid a little bit moreC.more respectedD.just like men【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. A
11、ccording to the passage, which of the following describes the study CORRECTLY? 1. 根据文章，关于这项研究下列哪项描述是正确的？A. It was conducted by a Denmark firm. A. 它是由一家丹麦公司进行的。B. It was a large-scale and longitudinal study. B. 这是一项大规模的纵向研究。C. It was a systematic and time-consuming study. C. 这是一项系统而耗时的研究。D. It tracke
12、d the salaries of ten employees from every firm. D. 它跟踪调查了每家公司十名员工的工资。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的内容“下月即将在行政管理学季刊上发表的一项研究报告显示，当男性雇主有了孩子之后，员工的薪水会发生怎样的变化。1996年至2006年间，研究人员在丹麦对所有雇员人数十人以上的公司的员工薪水进行了跟踪调查（调查范围限于男性雇主，部分原因是由于女性雇主的样本过小）。”可知，这项研究对丹麦所有雇员超过十人的公司都进行了调查，目的是比较员工的薪水在男性雇主有孩子之后有什么变化规律，这是一种纵向分析的调查，所以推断这项研究
13、是一项大型的纵向研究，纵向研究(longitudinal study)也叫追踪研究，是指在一段相对长的时间内对同一个或同一批被试进行重复的研究。B项“这是一项大规模的纵向研究”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“它是由一家丹麦公司进行的”文中没有提及，属于无中生有；C项“这是一项系统而耗时的研究”根据解题思路可知，这项研究跨度十年，是一项耗时的研究，但是文中并没有依据能推断这项研究是系统的，所以该项曲解原文；D项“它追踪了每家公司十名员工的工资”根据解题思路可知，这项研究调查的是员工超过十人的公司的员工薪水，不是每家公司十名员工的工资，该项曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to t
14、he passage, once they become fathers, male bosses tend to _. 2. 根据这篇文章，男性老板一旦成为父亲，他们往往会_。A. pay more to those with sons A. 给那些有儿子的人更多的钱B. make the firm earn more money B. 让公司赚更多的钱C. differ due to factors such as age etc. C. 因年龄等因素而不同D. take more money from their underlings D. 从下属那里拿走更多的钱【考查点】细节事实题。【
15、解题思路】根据第三段第一句“事实证明，男性雇主在成为父亲之后，会对自己的薪酬更加慷慨”，以及第四段第二句“研究发现，超出的这部分钱来自员工的口袋”，综合理解可知，男性雇主一旦成为父亲，他们会给自己加薪，但是这部分钱却是来自于员工，所以D项“从下属那里拿走更多的钱”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“给那些有儿子的人更多的钱”根据第四段第三句“已为人父的老板手下员工的工资通常相对较低”可知，该项属于反向干扰；B项“让公司赚更多的钱”没有提及，无中生有；C项“因年龄等因素而不同”根据第三段第二句“尽管此项研究对年龄、任职时间、公司业绩等因素进行了控制，但还是发现，生女儿的老板付给自己的薪酬比没有孩子的老板高出百分之三点五”可知，即便进行了年龄等因素的控制，研究还是发现男性雇主成为父亲之后就会给自己加薪，也就是说这不受年龄等因素的影响，所以该项反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. The study reveals that upon stepping into fatherhood, _. 3. 研究显示，当成为父亲后，_。A. employees need to work harder than bosses A. 员工需要比老板更努力工作B. bosses and emplo
