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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.问题1选项A.distractedB.disregardedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。distract “使心烦意乱”；disregard “忽视，不尊重”；irritate “刺激，激怒”；intervene “干涉，调停”。句意：请不要被他无礼的评论所激怒，因为他只是想引起注
2、意。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题I dont mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive （ ） for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。unexpectedly “出乎意料地” ；unusually“显著地”；excessively “过分地”；consequently“从而”。句意：我不介意你带你的朋友来喝
3、杯茶，但是当十个人出乎意料地来家里吃晚饭时就有点太多了。3. 单选题It is estimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information.问题1选项A.estimatedB.a life expectancyC.decadeD.it drastically【答案】D【解析】根据题中it is estimated可知，D项应该也为被动语态it is drast
4、ically revised，构成并列结构，句意：据估计，在一项科学原则被新的信息彻底地修改和更新之前，预期的寿命大概是十年。选项D符合题意。4. 翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与红楼梦比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book tha
5、t no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people dont dare to explain subtleties cont
6、ained in itThus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.5. 单选题According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the lead
7、er of social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship group, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, le
8、aders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal q
9、ualities that all leaders have in common ； rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typic
10、ally two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that e
11、mphasizes the collective well-being of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to main
12、tain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultiv
13、ate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two
14、roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which peo
15、ple can become leaders EXCEPT3.In mentioning “natural leaders” in paragraph two, the author is making the point that4.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph two?5.The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on问题1选项A.The problems faced by leadersB.How leadership differs in small and large groupsC.How social groups determine who will lead themD.The role of leaders in social groups问题2选项A.recruitment.B.formal election process.C.specific leadership training.D.traditional cultural patterns.问题3选项A.few peopl
