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1、2022年考博英语-云南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题We have has a marvelous holiday. Only the last two days were slightly（ ）by weather.问题1选项A.damagedB.enhancedC.spoiledD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项damage“损害”；B选项enhance“提高、增强”；C选项spoil“破坏、掠夺”；D选项diminish“减少、缩小”，句意为：我们度过了一个美好的假期。只有最后两天因为天气有点扫兴。C选项符合句意。2. 单选题For a
2、while everyone was screaming, tugging, beating and kicking and then Mother came in from the kitchen and said firmly，”（ ）! Its time for a rest.”问题1选项A.DoB.Have doneC.DoingD.Done【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。Have done “够了吧；算了吧”。句意：不多一会儿，又是尖叫声，又是东西拖地声，又是敲打，踢东西声，然后母亲从厨房出来站在那里大叫：“你们够了吧！休息时间到了！”。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题He （ ） be
3、 the person who killed Mary because he was with me last night the whole night and（ ） it.问题1选项A.cant .could not doB.may not.could not doC.must not .could not have doneD.cant. could not have done【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：他肯定不是杀害玛丽的人，因为他昨晚整晚跟我在一起，所以他不可能做这件事。第一空表示推测，后面提到了原因，所以这里的推测是非常肯定的猜测，用cant，must not 表示
4、 “禁止”的意思,不符合题意；第二空could not have done 表示“本不会做某事（实际上做了）”，不符合题意，因此此处要填入 could not do。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Since the late 1970s，in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivityand therefore enhance their internati
5、onal competitiveness-through cost-cutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivitythe value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor inputdid not improve; and while the resul
6、t were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same time, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting the more they lost their competitive edge.Wit
7、h this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies. It became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a “40,40,20” rule. Roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-
8、term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the member, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This
9、 rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach-including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harderdo produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cut
10、ting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in cost-cutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products.Every company I know that has freed itse
11、lf from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacture and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different market
12、s replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach, within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting cost. There is hope for manufacturing, but it
13、clearly rests on a different way of managing.1.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in Para 1 expected that the measures they implemented would（ ）.3.The primary function of the First Paragraph is to （ ）.4.The
14、 author refers to Abernathys study most probably in order to （ ）.5.The authors attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as （ ）.问题1选项A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachC.comparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions问题2选项A.encourage innovationB.k
15、eep labor output constantC.increase their competitive advantageD.cause managers to focus on a wider set of objectives问题3选项A.outline in brief the authors argumentB.anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that followC.clarify some disputed definitions of economic termsD.present a historical context for the authors observations问题4选项A.qualify an observation about one method rule governing manufacturingB.support an earlier assertion about one method of increasing productivityC.suggest the centrality in the United States ec
