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1、一、“ make+宾语+宾补”的用法“ make宾语+宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、 不定式等来充当，例如：(1) A good friend is someone who makes you happy. (形容词作宾补)(2) They made me repeat the story. (省 to 的动词不定式)(3) He raised his voice to make himself heard.(过去分词作宾补 )注：“ make+l语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。(4) We made him monitor of our class.(名词作
2、宾补)注：职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。二、“ with+ 宾语 +宾补”的用法“ with+ 宾语 +宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构，“ with+ 宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不式等，在考题中常要求 选择宾补的形式， 在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式， 主要限决于宾语与宾补的 关系，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词，此外，不定式作宾补要表 示含义为将来的意味，例如：(1) With so manypeople communicating in English every day, it will become more and more
3、important to have a good knowledgeof English.( 宾语 so many people 与 communicate 是主动关系，因此用现在分 词作宾补 )(2) With everything he needed to buy, he went into the store. (不定式作宾补表示将来的含义 )(3) With everything he needed bought, he left the store. (过去分词作宾补表被动表完成 )(4) With my key lost, I couldnt enter my room. (过去分
4、词作宾补 )(5) With nothing to do, I went out for a walk. (不定式作宾补 )(6) I went out with the window open. (形容词作宾补 )另外，“ with+ 宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补，如：(1) She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.(2) He left the room with the light still on.三、“ have+宾语+宾补”的用法在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中，充当宾补的常用的有do, doing, don
5、e和 adj ，例如：(1) I ll have my hair cut this afternoon.我今天下午要理发。(2) I won thave you saying to your mother that way.(3) He realized that she did not wish to have her go with him.(4) I expect Amy will have the tea ready directly.注意： have sth. done 的含义为“请别人来做某事或遭遇到某到情况”，例如：(1) I had the door painted last
6、week.(2) He had his pocket picked.(3) She had her watch stolen.四、“find+宾语+宾补”的用法“find+ 宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式 to be 等来充当。分别举例如下：(1) You will find it a very difficult book.(2) The youth found it a hard problem to think about.(3) When he came to himself, he found himself sur
7、rounded by a group of boys.(4) I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again.(5) I find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.注意：find+宾语+宾补这一结构中通常不使用动词原形来充当宾语补足语，即没有“ find+宾语+动词原形”这样的结构。五、“ leave+ 宾语 +宾补”的用法Leave+宾语+宾语补足语，其中宾语补足这一成分可以由过去分词、现在分词、 形容词、介词的复合结构等来充当，分述如下：1. 由过去分词来充当宾语补足语：
8、leave sth/sb done,常用来表示宾语所处的 状态或表示动作已经完成。(1) Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.(2) He got up slowly leaving the lunch unfinished.(3) Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?可用于被动语态：Hi ！My patient can t be left unattached.2. 由现在分词来充当宾语补足语： leave sb/sth doing
9、, 常用来表示使某人或某 物一直做某事：(1) Don t leave her waiting outside in the rain.(2) They went off together and left me sitting there.(3) We left him painting the gate.可用于被动语态：Now the temple has only its walls left standing.The papers were left lying around.3. 由形容词来充当宾语补足语：(1) You d better leave the drawing -roo
10、m door open.(2) His illness has left him weak.可用于被动语态：The window was left open.4. 由介词的复合结构充当宾语补足语：(1) Leave him in peace!(2) His illness left him with a weak heart.(3) You ve left her name off the list.可用于被动语态：I was left without a ray of hope.六、“ hea叶宾语+宾补”的用法“hea叶宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾补常可以由现在分词、不带to的不定式、过去分词等来充当，如：Through the wall he could hear Harris cleaning his teeth. She could hear the rain pattering against the windows.Have you ever heard a pop song sung in Japanese?I won t hear anything said against him behind his back.
